Species

Often classified as Racinaea abbreviata. It is a mesic species with soft green leaves forming a tank or rosette. It requires different care than typical gray Tillandsias.

Aechmea abbreviata is a bromeliad species in the family Bromeliaceae, native to Brazil. It forms a rosette of strap-shaped, spiny-margined leaves and produces an inflorescence with colorful bracts and small flowers typical of the genus Aechmea.

Endemic to Espirito Santo in southeastern Brazil, hanging from very steep to nearly vertical shaded rock faces at about 1290 m. The epithet refers to these abyss-like cliffs.

A hemiepiphytic climber native to Mexico and Central America. Adult leaves are ovate to elliptic, featuring numerous fenestrations (holes) along the midrib, but unlike Monstera deliciosa, the leaf margins are typically entire and not pinnatifid. The specific epithet refers to the village of Acacoyagua in Chiapas, Mexico.

A medium-sized species with stiff, recurved gray-green leaves. It produces a colorful, long-lasting pink inflorescence with yellow-green flowers.

Aechmea aculeatosepala is a bromeliad species in the family Bromeliaceae, native to Brazil. It forms a rosette of strap-shaped leaves with spiny margins and produces an inflorescence with bracts and flowers typical of the genus Aechmea.

Tillandsia acuminata is a bromeliad in the genus Tillandsia, native to Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. It is an epiphytic species with elongated, narrow leaves that taper to a fine point, and produces a spike inflorescence with small tubular flowers.

Monstera acuminata is a climbing aroid native to Central America and southern Mexico. It produces elongated, acuminate (tapering to a sharp point) leaves that develop fenestrations (natural holes or perforations) and sinuses (indentations along the margins) as the plant matures. Juvenile leaves are smaller and entire, while adult leaves can reach 30–60 cm in length. The species is a hemiepiphyte, beginning life on the forest floor and climbing host trees using aerial roots.

Rare species endemic to Jamaica. Features gray-green leaves and a simple or few-branched inflorescence.

A smaller, faster-growing cousin of Monstera deliciosa with heart-shaped leaves featuring oval-shaped holes throughout. An agile climber that makes an excellent trailing or climbing houseplant. Also known as Swiss Cheese Vine.

Distinctive caulescent species with stiff, polystichous leaves. The long inflorescence features flowers pressed flat against the rachis.

A species native to Mexico, known for its pink scape bracts and blue petals. It grows epiphytically in tropical forests.

Tillandsia aequatorialis is a medium-sized epiphytic bromeliad in the family Bromeliaceae. It produces rosettes of narrow, silvery-grey leaves covered with trichomes, and bears inflorescences with tubular flowers. The species is adapted to seasonally dry environments at moderate to high elevations.

An epiphytic species native to southern South America, characterized by reliable blooming and ease of cultivation. Forms dense cushions up to 30 cm tall with stiff, silver-green leaves arranged in a cone-like rosette. Produces inflorescences with rosy-pink bracts and blue-violet flowers that attract hummingbirds. One of the hardiest Tillandsias, tolerating temperatures near freezing. Similar in appearance to T. bergeri but distinguished by its flowering characteristics and offset production pattern.

Tillandsia afonsoana is a bromeliad in the genus Tillandsia, native to Brazil. It is an epiphytic species characterized by its silvery-gray trichome-covered leaves, which form a rosette. The leaves are narrow, stiff, and recurved, typical of xeric Tillandsia species adapted to drier conditions.

Aechmea aguadocensis is a bromeliad species in the family Bromeliaceae, native to South America. It is an epiphytic or terrestrial plant forming a rosette of strap-shaped leaves with spiny margins. The inflorescence bears small flowers typical of the genus Aechmea.

Tillandsia aguascalientensis is a small to medium-sized epiphytic bromeliad in the family Bromeliaceae. It is a xeric type with silvery-gray leaves densely covered in trichomes, forming a compact rosette. The leaves are narrow and slightly recurved. It produces an inflorescence with pink to violet bracts and violet flowers.

Aechmea aiuruocensis is a bromeliad species in the family Bromeliaceae, native to Brazil. It forms a rosette of strap-shaped leaves with serrated margins, typical of the genus Aechmea. The species produces an inflorescence with brightly colored bracts and small flowers, characteristic of tank-forming bromeliads that collect water and organic matter in their central cup.

One of the smallest known Tillandsia species, belonging to subgenus Diaphoranthema. Leaves are subsucculent, grey-blue, reaching a maximum of approximately 2 cm in length. Plants form small tufts of a few centimeters in diameter. Self-pollinating species that produces small brown flowers in spring. Native to dry, sunny habitats in the southern Andes.

Aechmea alba is a bromeliad species in the family Bromeliaceae, native to Brazil. It forms a rosette of strap-shaped, green leaves with spiny margins. The inflorescence is erect, bearing white to pale-colored flowers typical of the genus. Like other members of Aechmea, it is an epiphytic or terrestrial plant adapted to humid tropical environments.

Tillandsia albertiana is a small, clump-forming bromeliad native to northwestern Argentina. It produces narrow, silvery-green leaves covered in trichomes, arranged alternately along the stem. The species bears vivid red three-petaled flowers that emerge directly from the leaf axils without a visible peduncle.

Caulescent, branched, polycarpic species forming caespitose colonies. Plants reach 35 to 80 cm in height at flowering. Leaves are densely polystichous, narrowly triangular, long-attenuate, and densely covered with pale cinereous trichomes. The inflorescence is terminal with bright red scape bracts. Flowers are greenish-white with pale green sepals. Endemic to a limited number of canyons in northeastern Mexico within the Sierra Madre Oriental.

Native to the state of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, where it grows saxicolously on rock surfaces at elevations up to 850 m.

Critically endangered species endemic to Alcatrazes Island. Large rosette with green leaves.

A robust hemiepiphyte described in recent years, historically confused with other large species in Panama. It features large, pinnatifid leaf blades that can develop fenestrations near the midrib. The spathe is distinctively pale green to white. It is primarily found in the Coclé province of Panama.

Aechmea alegrensis is a bromeliad species in the family Bromeliaceae, native to Brazil. It forms a rosette of strap-shaped leaves with serrated margins and produces an inflorescence with colorful bracts and small flowers typical of the genus Aechmea.

Monstera alfaroi is a climbing hemiepiphytic aroid native to Central America. It produces fenestrated leaves with elliptic to ovate blades that develop characteristic holes and perforations as the plant matures. The species is characterized by its relatively slender stems and elongated internodes.

Tillandsia alfredo-laui is a small to medium-sized epiphytic bromeliad in the family Bromeliaceae. It forms a compact rosette of narrow, silvery-gray leaves densely covered in trichomes, a morphological trait characteristic of xeric Tillandsia species. The leaves are rigid and slightly channeled. The inflorescence is short, bearing tubular flowers. The species was named in honor of Alfred Lau, a collector known for his work on succulent plants in Mexico.

Aechmea alopecurus is a bromeliad species in the family Bromeliaceae. It produces a dense, elongated spike inflorescence resembling a foxtail, from which its epithet is derived (alopecurus meaning fox-tail in Greek). The rosette is composed of strap-like, serrated leaves that form a central water reservoir. Flowers are typically pink to red with yellow or white petals.

Recently described species from Peru. Soft-leaved epiphyte found in wet montane forests.

Tillandsia alvareziae is a small to medium-sized epiphytic bromeliad in the family Bromeliaceae. It produces a rosette of silvery-green leaves densely covered with trichomes, characteristic of xeric-type Tillandsia. The inflorescence bears pink to red bracts with violet flowers.

Monstera amargalensis is a climbing aroid native to Central America, characterized by its fenestrated leaves with holes and splits typical of the Monstera genus. It produces aerial roots that anchor the plant to host trees as it climbs. The leaves are large and leathery, developing fenestrations as the plant matures.

Aechmea amicorum is a bromeliad species in the family Bromeliaceae. It is a rosette-forming epiphytic or terrestrial plant with strap-shaped, often spiny-margined leaves that form a central water-holding tank. The inflorescence bears colorful bracts and small flowers typical of the genus Aechmea.

Aechmea ampla is a bromeliad species in the family Bromeliaceae, native to South America. It produces broad, strap-shaped leaves with serrated margins that form a rosette capable of holding water in its central tank. The inflorescence is compound, bearing bracts and small flowers typical of the genus.

Native to Bahia in Brazil, growing epiphytically in wet forest. The type material was collected in moist restinga forest near Nazare. The specific epithet honours John Anderson, who has had a long-standing interest in the genus Aechmea.

Tillandsia andicola is a small, tufted epiphytic bromeliad native to the Andean regions of South America. It forms dense rosettes of narrow, silvery-gray leaves covered in trichomes, typical of xeric-type Tillandsia. The plant produces small flowers that may be violet or purple in color. It is adapted to high-altitude environments with intense solar radiation, low temperatures, and significant diurnal temperature fluctuations.

A terrestrial or epiphytic species characterized by heart-shaped leaves and a prominent spathe with a cylindrical spadix. The spathe is typically waxy in texture and comes in various colors including red, pink, white, and orange. Leaves are dark green, glossy, and leathery. Can reach 30-60 cm in height under cultivation.

A small species forming a distinctive spherical rosette of fine, needle-like green leaves radiating outward from a central point, typically 7 to 10 cm in diameter. Predominantly saxicolous, growing on cliff faces, and rarely epiphytic. Produces a single large tubular red flower from the center of the rosette. Leaves may blush orange to red prior to flowering. Taxonomically close to T. funckiana, sharing similar growth form and flower morphology.

Tillandsia andreettae is a small epiphytic bromeliad in the family Bromeliaceae, native to the Andes of Ecuador. It forms a rosette of narrow, silvery leaves densely covered with trichomes, a morphology typical of xeric Tillandsia species adapted to periodic drought. The inflorescence is short, bearing pink to red bracts from which tubular violet to purple flowers emerge.

Tillandsia andrieuxii is a xeric epiphytic bromeliad in the family Bromeliaceae, native to Mexico. It forms a compact rosette with rigid, silvery-grey leaves densely covered in trichomes that absorb moisture and nutrients from the atmosphere. The species produces an inflorescence bearing small tubular flowers. As a silver-leaved species, it is well adapted to semi-arid environments with high light intensity and low rainfall.

Tillandsia angulosa is an epiphytic bromeliad in the family Bromeliaceae, native to Central America and northern South America. It is a small to medium-sized species characterized by stiff, angular leaves densely covered with silvery trichomes, producing a gray-green coloration typical of xeric Tillandsia species. The leaves are arranged in a rosette with a notably angular cross-section, which is reflected in the species epithet 'angulosa' (Latin for 'angular'). It produces a simple or branched inflorescence bearing tubular flowers.

Monstera anomala is a climbing aroid native to Central and South America. It produces fenestrated leaves with irregular holes and perforations, which are characteristic of the genus. The species is an epiphytic or hemiepiphytic vine that attaches to host trees using aerial roots.

Aechmea anomala is a bromeliad species in the family Bromeliaceae, native to Brazil. It forms a rosette of strap-shaped, spiny-margined leaves and produces an inflorescence with small flowers. The leaves are typically green and may develop reddish tones under high light conditions.

An epiphytic species native to the Caribbean region, described by L.B. Smith in 1949. It has slender, tapering leaves and a branched inflorescence. The species is relatively uncommon in cultivation compared to other members of the genus.

Aechmea apocalyptica is a bromeliad species in the family Bromeliaceae, native to Brazil. It forms a rosette of strap-shaped, green leaves with serrated margins and a prominent central tank that collects water. The inflorescence produces pink to red bracts with small violet or blue flowers. It is an epiphytic or terrestrial plant found in humid Atlantic Forest environments.

A Peruvian species with soft, green leaves that form a loose rosette. The floral bracts are often brightly colored.

Aechmea aquilega is a bromeliad species in the family Bromeliaceae, native to northern South America and the Caribbean. It forms a rosette of stiff, strap-shaped leaves with serrated margins and spines along the edges. The inflorescence is a compound spike bearing small flowers, typically followed by colorful berries that persist on the plant for an extended period. This species is often epiphytic in its natural habitat but can also grow terrestrially.

Aechmea araneosa is a bromeliad species in the family Bromeliaceae, native to Brazil. It forms a rosette of strap-shaped, green leaves with serrated margins. The inflorescence bears small flowers typical of the genus, often with colorful bracts. It is an epiphytic or terrestrial species found in humid Atlantic Forest environments.

A caulescent species with stiff, succulent, recurved leaves growing along a sturdy stem. It often grows on rocks near the ocean, tolerating salty air.

Native to Colombia and Ecuador, growing terrestrially or on rocks in rainforest at around 1800 m.

Tillandsia areiensis is a small to medium-sized epiphytic bromeliad in the family Bromeliaceae, native to Central America. It forms a rosette of narrow, stiff leaves densely covered with trichomes, giving the foliage a silvery-gray appearance typical of xeric Tillandsia species. The inflorescence produces pink to red bracts with violet to purple flowers.

An epiphytic species in subgenus Allardtia. The species epithet "arenicola" means "sand dweller," suggesting adaptation to sandy or arenaceous substrates in its native habitat. Detailed morphological and ecological information for this species remains limited in accessible literature.

A striking lithophyte with rigid, silvery-white leaves forming a large, symmetric rosette. Known for its beautiful white flowers.

Often confused with T. fuchsii, the true T. argentea has a branching inflorescence, clear leaf sheaths, and produces bright red flowers. Forms a small, grassy tuft.

A small lithophytic, clustering species growing to about 5 cm despite its name being derived from a geographical reference rather than the country Argentina. It is native to Bolivia, where grapefruit-sized clusters grow on rocky cliffs. The leaves are short, stiff, and rather succulent, covered with dark gray trichomes. The inflorescence is simple, broadly lanceolate, strongly flattened, up to 45 mm long and 15 mm wide, bearing 4 to 7 flowers. Petals are widely flaring, pink, approximately 13 mm across.

A distinct species with elongated stems and silvery-gray leaves, often found growing in dry, rocky environments.

A rare species with a pseudobulbous base and relatively smooth leaves. It is related to T. pruinosa but has distinct glabrous or sparsely lepidote foliage.

Tillandsia arpocalyx is a small to medium-sized epiphytic bromeliad in the family Bromeliaceae, native to Mexico. It forms a compact rosette of narrow, silvery leaves densely covered with trichomes. The inflorescence produces tubular flowers characteristic of the genus Tillandsia.

A lithophytic species with a compact rosette of tapering leaves. It is native to high-altitude rocky regions.

A silver-leafed species that produces a beautiful rose-colored inflorescence and violet flowers. It is adapted to dry tropical forests.

An epiphytic species native to the regions around Lake Atitlan. It features soft, greenish leaves and a tall flower spike.

Tillandsia atroviolacea is an epiphytic bromeliad in the family Bromeliaceae, native to Mexico. It is a medium-sized xeric species forming a rosette of stiff, recurved leaves densely covered with silvery trichomes. Under high light conditions, the foliage develops a deep violet to dark purple coloration, which is reflected in the species epithet 'atroviolacea', derived from the Latin 'atro-' (dark) and 'violaceus' (violet). The inflorescence bears tubular flowers typical of the genus.

Tillandsia atroviridipetala is a xeric bromeliad species in the genus Tillandsia, characterized by its dark green petals, which is reflected in its specific epithet meaning 'dark green petals.' It forms a rosette of stiff, silvery-gray leaves covered in trichomes, and produces a spike inflorescence with distinctive dark green to nearly black petals, which is unusual within the genus.

Aechmea atrovittata is a bromeliad species in the family Bromeliaceae, native to Brazil. It forms a rosette of strap-shaped, green leaves with dark cross-banding and serrated margins. The inflorescence bears small flowers on a branched spike, typically with colorful bracts. It is an epiphytic or terrestrial species found in tropical and subtropical forests.

Tillandsia aurea is an epiphytic bromeliad in the family Bromeliaceae, native to Ecuador and Peru. It is a medium-sized xeric species with narrow, recurved leaves densely covered in trichomes, giving the foliage a silvery-gray appearance. The leaves form a spreading rosette. The specific epithet 'aurea' derives from the Latin for 'golden,' referring to the yellow flower color.

Native to San Martin in Peru, growing on moist sandstone rocks at around 500 m elevation.

A hemiepiphyte from the western Amazon. The species name refers to the golden or yellowish color of the pinnules (leaf segments) when dried or possibly the sap, though living specimens have green leaves. The leaves are pinnatifid and can become quite large.

Epipremnum aureum is a climbing aroid in the genus Epipremnum (Araceae), sold under the name pothos. It is native to Mo'orea in the Society Islands and climbs trees by clinging with aerial roots. Plants sold as houseplants are in their juvenile stage, with heart-shaped leaves often variegated with yellow or other colours. Once a stem climbs and matures, the leaves reach 30 to 40 cm long and develop pinnate divisions, and outdoors the vines can grow to about 12 m. It was formerly treated as Scindapsus aureus, and some authors treat it as a cultivar of E. pinnatum. All parts contain needle-like calcium oxalate crystals, and chewing the plant causes pain and swelling of the mouth, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing, so keep it away from pets and children. It has naturalized in many tropical regions and is listed as a Category II invasive species in Florida.

Tillandsia australis is a lithophytic and epiphytic bromeliad native to southern South America. It produces narrow, linear leaves covered with dense silver-gray trichomes, forming a loose rosette. The leaves are stiff and grass-like in texture. The inflorescence is a simple or branched spike bearing tubular flowers that are violet to purple in color. This species tolerates cold temperatures, including light frost, and is adapted to exposed, high-light environments at varying altitudes.

Native to the state of Bahia in Brazil, growing terrestrially or on exposed rock outcrops in sunny situations. It often forms large colonies.

Tillandsia azuayensis is a bromeliad species in the genus Tillandsia, native to the Azuay Province of Ecuador. It is a small to medium-sized epiphytic species with silvery-grey leaves covered in trichomes, characteristic of xeric-type tillandsias. The leaves are narrow and form a rosette habit. It produces inflorescences with tubular flowers.

Aechmea azurea is a bromeliad species in the family Bromeliaceae, native to Brazil. It is an epiphytic or terrestrial plant with a rosette of strap-shaped, spiny-margined leaves. The inflorescence bears blue flowers, which give the species its name derived from the Latin 'azureus' (sky-blue). The plant produces colorful bracts that persist after flowering.

Tillandsia baguagrandensis is a bromeliad species in the family Bromeliaceae, native to Peru. It is a small to medium-sized epiphytic tillandsia with silvery-gray leaves covered in trichomes, characteristic of xeric-type species. The leaves are narrow and arranged in a rosette form. It produces inflorescences with bracts and flowers typical of the genus.

A medium-sized pseudobulbous species described by Rose ex Small. The plant reaches 25 to 35 cm in height and forms a swollen, hollow base from which few long, flexible, silvery-grey leaves extend and recurve. The leaf surfaces are densely covered with trichomes. The inflorescence is simple, bearing pink floral bracts and tubular mauve to purple flowers approximately 3 cm in length. The species is myrmecophytic; in its natural habitat, the hollow pseudobulb frequently harbors ant colonies. It produces offsets freely from the base and readily forms clumps. The species grows primarily in the seasonally dry tropical biome as an epiphyte, with preferred host trees including Quercus virginiana and Ebenopsis ebano.

A saxicolous species from the Amazonas region of Peru. It is caulescent (stem-forming) with densely lepidote, silver-gray leaves and produces violet flowers.

A widely distributed pseudobulbous species described by Schultes & Schultes f. in 1830, with the common name northern needleleaf. The plant forms clumps of 2 to 10 pseudobulbs, reaching up to approximately 60 cm in height when in bloom. The leaves are strongly recurved, covered with dense appressed lepidote trichomes, with an acuminate apex, reaching up to 40 cm in length. The inflated leaf bases form a bulging rosette approximately 14 cm long. The inflorescence is a spike up to approximately 18 cm long, with reddish-yellow bracts subtending purple flowers. The sepals are green and unfused, petals are purple, and the 6 stamens are exserted beyond the petals. The fruit is a capsule with tufted seeds for wind dispersal. The species grows in the seasonally dry tropical biome, primarily as an epiphyte on shrubs and trees in dry broadleaf evergreen formations.

Tillandsia baliophylla is an epiphytic bromeliad in the family Bromeliaceae, native to Mexico. It is a small to medium-sized xeric species forming a compact rosette of narrow, arching leaves densely covered in silvery trichomes. The trichome layer gives the foliage a silver-gray appearance and functions to reflect intense solar radiation and absorb atmospheric moisture. Inflorescences are simple or branched, bearing tubular flowers typical of the genus.

Tillandsia balsasensis is a xeric bromeliad species in the family Bromeliaceae. It is a small to medium-sized epiphytic or lithophytic plant characterized by silvery-gray leaves densely covered with trichomes (specialized scales that absorb moisture and nutrients from the air). The leaves are narrow, stiff, and recurved, forming a rosette typical of xeric Tillandsia species. It produces tubular flowers, though detailed floral morphology documentation for this species is limited.

A miniature species with stiff, gray, distichous leaves growing in a fan shape. It produces fragrant blue to violet flowers and forms spherical clumps.

Native to southern Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul). A small, grey-leaved epiphyte often found growing in clumps. It has a simple inflorescence with pale blue to violet flowers.

Occurs in the state of Espirito Santo in Brazil, growing rupicolous between 300 and 500 m on sun-exposed granite surfaces of inselbergs or in spots slightly shaded by semideciduous forest. The epithet refers to the unusual stigma, whose long fringed lobes are densely covered with white trichomes.

Tillandsia barbeyana is an epiphytic bromeliad in the family Bromeliaceae, native to Cuba and the southern tip of Florida. It forms a medium-sized rosette of stiff, linear leaves densely covered in silvery trichomes, giving the foliage a gray appearance. The inflorescence bears tubular flowers with violet to purple petals. The dense trichome coverage classifies this species as a xeric type.

Native to the dry coastal regions of Ecuador. It forms a rosette of gray-green leaves and produces a striking inflorescence with pinkish bracts and dark petals.

A distinctive species from central Paraguay with dull, light grey leaves covered in trichomes. Related to T. lorentziana but distinguished by two-colored floral bracts (dark green at base, reddish toward apex) and white flowers. Endemic to the mountainous regions of Paraguay.

A species described from French Guiana. It is a nominal hemiepiphyte with a distinct juvenile phase where the leaves are appressed to the host tree (shingle plant). Adult leaves are entire or perforated but rarely pinnatifid. It is named to honor the botanist who collected the type specimen.

Tillandsia barrosoae is a bromeliad in the family Bromeliaceae, endemic to northeastern Mexico. It is a xeric species with narrow, recurved leaves densely covered in trichomes, giving the foliage a silvery-gray coloration. The leaves form a compact rosette, and the plant produces an inflorescence bearing tubular flowers.

An epiphytic species described by Rauh in 1974, placed in subgenus Tillandsia (= Platystachys). The rosette reaches approximately 40 cm in height with a moderately bulbous base about 10 cm in diameter. The leaf sheaths are roundish-oval, densely covered with dark brown appressed trichomes. The leaf blades are narrowly triangular, up to 30 cm long and 2 cm wide near the sheath, involute, with dense grey appressed trichomes beneath and sparse trichomes above. The scape is 5 to 15 cm long, shorter than the rosette, erect but curving downward at the apex. The inflorescence is pendulous, up to 40 cm long, bipinnate, with narrow spikes bearing bicolored floral bracts in orange-yellow and green. The flowers are yellow. The species grows primarily in the wet tropical biome of Ecuador.

Distributed from the southeastern USA to Mexico. A grassy species with thin, filiform leaves that grows in clumps. It prefers humid habitats like swamps and hammocks.

Aechmea bauxilumii is a bromeliad species in the family Bromeliaceae. It produces a rosette of strap-shaped, spiny-margined leaves and bears an inflorescence with colorful bracts and small flowers typical of the genus Aechmea.

Tillandsia bella is a small epiphytic bromeliad endemic to Bolivia. It forms a distichous rosette of triangular, silvery-trichome-covered leaves. The inflorescence is a simple or occasionally branched spike bearing pink to red bracts and violet tubular flowers. It is a xeric species adapted to dry inter-Andean environments.

Tillandsia belloensis is a small to medium-sized epiphytic bromeliad in the family Bromeliaceae, endemic to Guatemala. It forms a compact rosette of narrow, silvery-gray leaves densely covered in trichomes. The inflorescence bears pink to red bracts with violet to purple tubular flowers.

Ficus benghalensis, the Indian banyan, is a large evergreen tree in the mulberry family (Moraceae), native to the Indian subcontinent. It often begins life as an epiphyte on another tree, then sends down aerial roots from its branches that thicken into woody, trunk-like pillars after reaching the ground, allowing a single tree to spread over a wide area. It grows up to about 30 m tall. The leaves are leathery, ovate to elliptic, with prominent veins. The figs are borne in pairs in the leaf axils, about 1 to 2.5 cm across, turning red or orange when ripe. As a container plant it stays much smaller and is grown for its broad leaves and pale trunk. The milky sap can irritate skin.

Tillandsia bergeri is a small to medium-sized epiphytic bromeliad native to Argentina. It produces narrow, silvery-green leaves arranged in a rosette and bears tubular blue to violet flowers. It is known for producing numerous offsets, forming dense clusters over time.

Tillandsia bergiana is a terrestrial or saxicolous bromeliad native to Argentina. It forms dense clumps of narrow, channeled leaves densely covered in silvery-gray trichomes, classifying it as a xeric species. The leaves are stiff and linear, reaching up to approximately 30 cm in length. It produces an erect, simple or occasionally branched spike bearing bright red bracts and violet to purple tubular flowers.

Tillandsia bermejoensis is a saxicolous bromeliad endemic to Bolivia. It forms compact rosettes of narrow, stiff leaves densely covered with trichomes, giving the plant a silvery-grey coloration typical of xeric Tillandsia species. The inflorescence bears pink to red bracts with violet flowers.

Tillandsia bernalensis is a small to medium-sized epiphytic bromeliad in the family Bromeliaceae, endemic to Oaxaca, Mexico. It forms a compact rosette of narrow, silvery-gray leaves densely covered in trichomes. The inflorescence bears tubular flowers typical of the xeric Tillandsia group. It is adapted to arid and semi-arid conditions with a pronounced dry season.

Tillandsia beutelspacheri is a medium to large epiphytic bromeliad in the family Bromeliaceae, native to Mexico. The leaves are elongated and silver-green, densely covered with trichomes that reflect light and reduce water loss. The inflorescence is compound and branched, bearing violet to purple flowers. It is classified as a xeric-type Tillandsia, adapted to seasonally dry conditions with well-developed trichomes for atmospheric moisture absorption.

A green-leaved mesic species from the wettest tropical habitats. Forms rosettes of silver-green leaves and produces violet flowers. Requires higher humidity than many common Tillandsia species. Best grown in greenhouse or terrarium conditions.

Native to the Pastaza and Napo regions of Ecuador, occurring at elevations of 600 to 1,300 m.

An epiphytic fern with two distinct frond types: sterile shield fronds that attach to the substrate and collect debris, and fertile fronds that are forked and antler-shaped, growing up to 90cm long. Forms colonies through vegetative reproduction. Produces spores on the undersides of fertile fronds.

A species with broad, soft, light green leaves, native to Peru. It prefers shady and humid environments unlike typical xeric Tillandsia.

Aechmea blanchetiana is a bromeliad native to Brazil, forming large rosettes of strap-shaped leaves that range in color from orange to red depending on light exposure. The inflorescence bears a branched spike with small yellow flowers and persistent red bracts. It is one of the larger species in the genus, with rosettes reaching up to 1.5 meters in diameter.

Aechmea blumenavii is a bromeliad species in the family Bromeliaceae, native to southern Brazil. It forms a rosette of strap-shaped, serrated leaves and produces an inflorescence with colorful bracts and small flowers. The leaves are typically green with spiny margins.

Native to the states of Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo in Brazil, where it grows on rocks or as an epiphyte in Atlantic rain forest at elevations of about 1100 to 1300 m. The specific epithet derives from the Serra da Bocaina, where the species occurs.

Endemic to Panama, specifically the Bocas del Toro region. This species typically has entire, oblong-lanceolate leaves and does not usually develop fenestrations. It is a smaller climber compared to the giant Monstera species and is found in wet forest habitats.

A small saxicolous or epiphytic species from Mexico. It has succulent, tapering leaves and forms clumps.

A rare epiphytic species native to the high Andes of Ecuador. Information in cultivation is limited.

Tillandsia boliviana is a bromeliad species in the family Bromeliaceae, native to Bolivia and surrounding Andean regions. It forms rosettes of narrow, silvery-green leaves covered in trichomes, which aid in water and nutrient absorption. It produces a spike inflorescence with tubular flowers.

A high-elevation species found in the Andean foothills of Bolivia and Peru. It is a vigorous climber with large, leathery leaves that are typically entire or sparsely fenestrated. It is often found growing in cloud forests, making it more tolerant of cooler temperatures than lowland Amazonian species.

Native to Bolivia, this species is adapted to drier inter-Andean valleys. It features trichome-covered leaves to retain moisture.

A striking species from Peru, known for its large size and pink floral bracts. It grows on rock faces or trees.

A species native to Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, described as new to science in 2013. It is morphologically most similar to Tillandsia didisticha.

Native to the dry Chaco region of Paraguay. This xeric species has stiff, trichome-covered leaves adapted to arid environments.

A species native to the states of Durango and Sinaloa in the Sierra Madre Occidental of Mexico, growing epiphytically in pine-oak forests. Described in 2007. Related species include Tillandsia carloshankii, Tillandsia prodigiosa, and Tillandsia macrochlamys.

Endemic to Puerto Rico. It grows in moist limestone forests and has soft, green leaves, indicating a preference for humid conditions.

A saxicolous or epiphytic species from Baja California, Mexico. It has stiff, gray leaves densely covered in trichomes, making it very hardy.

Native to Veracruz, Mexico. It forms a tank-type rosette with green leaves that can turn reddish in strong light.

A large, impressive species from the mountains of Mexico. It features a large rosette of silver-gray leaves and a tall, branched inflorescence.

A Tillandsia native to dry woods and forests from Mexico to Venezuela. Forms a spreading rosette of long, attenuate leaves covered with finely appressed scales. Characterized by its color transformation—the entire plant changes from silvery-green to rosy pink, intensifying to cherry red during flowering. The species name means "short stem" in Greek, referring to its compact inflorescence. Often found growing alongside T. ionantha and T. xerographica in its native habitat.

A rare lithophytic species endemic to Rio de Janeiro state in Brazil. The plant has a distinctive form with short, soft, densely lepidote leaves that are dramatically rounded at the tip. It is related to T. gardneri, T. geminiflora, T. kautskyi, and T. sprengeliana. The inflorescence is short and compound with pinkish-red bracts and magenta flowers. In its natural habitat, it grows on nearly vertical rock walls at high elevations, which protects it from collectors.

Native to Loreto in Peru, where it grows as an epiphyte in rainforest. The type collection was made at the mouth of the Rio Santiago.

Native to Brazil, where it grows on rocks in rivers and in gallery forest at elevations of 700 to 1175 m. The type specimen was collected south of Grao Mogol in Minas Gerais.

A small lithophytic species from Argentina. It grows in clumps on rock walls and has gray, lepidote leaves.

Native to Ecuador, this species is found in moist forests. It has soft leaves that are often spotted or banded with purple.

The smallest species in the genus with a flattened, tuberous caudex 2-8cm tall and up to 40cm in diameter, resembling a rock or cluster of potatoes. Virtually branchless with sparse leaves in rosettes. Produces bright yellow trumpet-shaped flowers. Strictly adapted to acidic substrates with pH 3.5-4.5.

Often classified as Racinaea brevilingua. A small species from the Andes with soft, green leaves, adapted to cool, cloud forest environments.

A small epiphytic species native to Colombia and Ecuador. Often classified under the genus Racinaea, it has soft, green leaves and prefers cool, moist environments.

Endemic to the high Andes of Colombia. This species resembles Tillandsia turneri but is smaller, growing in sub-paramo vegetation.

Native to the state of Minas Gerais in southeastern Brazil, growing terrestrially.

Native to Paraguay. It features a rosette of stiff, recurved, silver-gray leaves and produces a simple or digitate inflorescence.

A Tillandsia characterized by a bulbous pseudobulb base and long, twisted, tentacle-like leaves. Native to tropical regions from Mexico to Brazil, found in mangrove thickets, open woods, and along riverbanks. The swollen base often houses ant colonies in a mutualistic relationship—the ants provide nutrients while receiving shelter. Blooms with cherry-red bracts and violet tubular flowers. One of the few Tillandsias tolerant of higher humidity and lower airflow, making it suitable for terrariums.

A rare lithophytic species from Bahia, Brazil, named after renowned landscape architect Roberto Burle Marx who collected the type specimen. Forms clumps with stems up to 30 cm long that hang down with tips curving upward. Leaves are numerous, spirally arranged, very thick and succulent, nearly terete (cylindrical), only 2-4 cm long. Densely covered in gray trichomes. Produces simple inflorescences with 3-5 flowers having yellow-green bracts and white petals. Supremely adapted to harsh exposed rock cliff faces.

Native to Espirito Santo in Brazil, where it grows saxicolously in sunny positions. The type specimen was collected near Conceicao do Castelo, about 40 km from Venda Nova, by Roberto Burle-Marx, for whom the species is named.

A tank-type epiphyte native to the northern Andes, often reclassified as Racinaea buseri. It has broad, green leaves and inhabits cloud forests.

A hemiepiphytic climber native to Costa Rica and Panama. The leaf blades are pinnatifid (deeply lobed) and typically lack fenestrations (holes), characterized by a subcoriaceous texture and deeply sunken primary lateral veins, giving the leaf a somewhat quilted or bullate appearance.

A small to medium-sized pseudobulbous green-leaved (mesic) species described by Mez in 1935. The leaves are few, soft, long, and sinuous, emerging from a conspicuously swollen pseudobulbous base. The leaf blades are thin, hard, and involute in the upper portion, characteristically mottled with dark brown or reddish-brown irregular markings on a green background. The inflorescence is a slender spike borne on a thin, erect scape, with bright red bracts and tubular blue-violet to purple flowers. The species is myrmecophytic; in its natural habitat, symbiotic ants nest within the broadened leaf bases of the pseudobulb. It grows as an epiphyte, often forming large colonies in humid montane forests from central Mexico to Panama. A variety with pinkish flowers, var. roseiflora, has been described.

A saxicolous species from Guerrero, Mexico. It has thick, succulent, gray leaves that form a bulbous base and a striking red inflorescence.

Tillandsia cacticola is a silvery-leaved epiphytic bromeliad native to Peru. It typically grows on cacti and other xerophytic plants in arid environments. It produces a branched inflorescence with lavender to pale purple flowers and distinctive inflated bracts.

Known for its sweetly fragrant, purple flowers. A small, caulescent species with silver-gray leaves, native to the dry forests of Ecuador and Peru.

Endemic to Peru. It is a saxicolous or epiphytic species with gray-lepidote leaves, producing a red floral spike.

Native to Jamaica, restricted to limestone formations. It resembles T. utriculata but is smaller and grows lithophytically.

Endemic to Mexico. An epiphytic species with a rosette of gray-green leaves and a pink inflorescence, found in dry forests.

A small, clump-forming species native to Bolivia and Argentina. It has brownish-gray leaves and produces fragrant, brown-spotted yellow flowers.

A large epiphytic species native to Mexico. It features a rosette of wide, green leaves and produces a colorful, branched inflorescence.

Native to Mexico and Guatemala. A robust species with soft, gray-green leaves forming a dense rosette, often turning reddish before blooming.

Historically treated as a species but often considered a synonym or variety of Tillandsia fasciculata. It shares the characteristic stiff, gray leaves and colorful spikes.

A striking species from Oaxaca, Mexico. It has a large rosette of flexible, sub-glabrous leaves and a densely branched, colorful inflorescence.

Endemic to Colombia. This species inhabits cloud forests and is characterized by its thin leaves and specific floral structure.

A saxicolous species from the dry valleys of Bolivia. It has stiff, gray, lepidote leaves and grows in clumps on rocks.

Native to Central America. A large epiphyte with soft, green leaves covered in fine scales, producing a tall, branched inflorescence.

A Caribbean species found in Cuba and Jamaica. It is a small epiphyte with gray-green leaves, sometimes confused with T. berteroniana.

Tillandsia capillaris is a small, highly variable epiphytic bromeliad distributed across a wide range in South America. It has very slender, hair-like silvery leaves and produces small, tubular flowers. It commonly grows in large clusters on trees, cacti, and rocks.

Endemic to Mexico. It forms a rosette of gray, lepidote leaves and produces a simple, flattened inflorescence with yellow flowers.

A highly variable and hardy species native to Mexico and the Caribbean, growing both epiphytically on trees and saxicolously on rocks and cliff faces. Forms a rosette of soft, velvety, silvery-green leaves that change to peach, pink, or red when approaching bloom. Extremely variable in size and coloration, with numerous cultivars including Peach, Red, Yellow, and Maroon forms. One of the most drought-tolerant Tillandsias. Produces purple tubular flowers from a compact head-like inflorescence.

Found in Espírito Santo, Brazil, at around 775 m elevation.

One of the most widespread and commonly cultivated Tillandsia species, named for its resemblance to the serpentine hair of the mythological Medusa. Features thick, channeled leaves up to 25 cm long that twist and curl from an inflated pseudobulb base. The bulbous base often hosts ant colonies in the wild. Native from Mexico through Central America, distributed from sea level to 2,400 meters. Produces red inflorescences with violet tubular flowers. A silver-leaved species adapted to drought conditions.

Occurs in the Santa Cruz region of Bolivia, growing in thickets on wet rocky slopes at about 1000 m.

Native to Bolivia. It resembles T. vernicosa but differs in floral details. The leaves are stiff and gray, adapted to seasonally dry habitats.

A large tank-type epiphytic bromeliad with countless narrow, silvery gray leaves and a tall inflorescence with bright red bracts bearing long, ribbon-like tips. It is native to high-elevation oak-pine forests in southern Mexico. The species has been the subject of ecological research regarding its host preferences and arthropod communities.

An endemic species from Chiapas, Mexico, characterized by a unique rosette with drooping lower leaves and semi-erect upper leaves, producing a digitate inflorescence.

Tillandsia carminea is a small epiphytic bromeliad native to Ecuador and Peru. It produces narrow, silver-scaled leaves and vivid carmine-red floral bracts with tubular violet flowers, making the inflorescence visually distinctive.

A relatively large species native to the Andean regions of Peru and Bolivia, found growing epiphytically or lithophytically.

Hoya carnosa is an evergreen epiphytic vine native to southern China, Taiwan, southern Japan and parts of mainland Southeast Asia. Its stems reach up to 6 m and climb trees and rocks by aerial roots. The fleshy, glossy leaves are ovate to elliptic, 3.5 to 13 cm long, and the species name refers to this succulent texture. Rounded clusters of about 30 star-shaped, waxy flowers 1.5 to 2 cm across are produced from persistent spurs; they are white to pale pink with a pink to red center and sweetly fragrant. Many cultivars with variegated or contorted leaves are grown as houseplants. The ASPCA lists it as non-toxic to cats and dogs.

An epiphytic species native to Colombia, typically growing in wet tropical biomes.

A rupicolous species from the dry forests of Guatemala, featuring a long inflorescence with purple flowers.

A pseudobulbous species native to Costa Rica, known for its distinct castaneous (chestnut-colored) bulbous base.

An epilithic species endemic to the Atlantic Forest domain in Espirito Santo, Brazil, often found on rocky outcrops.

A small, highly xerophytic species of the subgenus Diaphoranthema, endemic to arid environments in Argentina.

Native to the Brazilian states of Pernambuco and Alagoas, where it grows as an epiphyte at about 700 m. The specific epithet refers to the Catende area on the border between the two states, where the species was originally collected.

This species is native to the Venezuelan state of Miranda, growing at an elevation of 2300m.

A small, high-altitude species native to the Amazonian slopes of the Andes in Ecuador, featuring dark violet petals.

An endemic lithophytic species restricted to the Caatinga vegetation of the Catimbau National Park in northeastern Brazil.

Tillandsia caulescens is a caulescent (stem-forming) epiphytic bromeliad native to South America. It develops an elongated stem bearing small, silver-scaled leaves arranged alternately, and produces a simple spike inflorescence with tubular flowers.

A caulescent bromeliad species distinguished by its stem-forming growth habit. Originally described as Cryptanthus caulescens, it was transferred to Rokautskyia in 2017 based on molecular and morphological analyses. The species is characterized by its distinctive stem development, which sets it apart from acaulescent relatives in the Cryptanthoid complex. Endemic to the Atlantic Forest region of eastern Brazil.

Tillandsia cauliflora is a small epiphytic bromeliad native to South America. It is characterized by its caulescent growth habit and produces flowers along the stem. The leaves are narrow and covered with silver scales.

Tillandsia cauligera is an epiphytic bromeliad native to Peru. It is a caulescent species with elongated stems and narrow, silver-scaled leaves. The inflorescence is a simple spike bearing tubular flowers.

Tillandsia cees-goudae is a species of epiphytic bromeliad named in honor of Cees Gouda, a Dutch botanist. It is native to South America and belongs to the silver-leaved (xeric) group, with narrow, trichome-covered leaves.

Tillandsia celata is a small epiphytic bromeliad native to Brazil. It belongs to the green-leaved (mesic) group and typically grows in humid forest environments. The leaves are soft and green, arranged in a rosette.

A species described from the Amazonas region of Peru. It has entire, oblong-elliptic leaves that are unequal at the base and do not develop fenestrations or pinnatifid margins. It is distinguished by its specific floral characteristics and relatively small size compared to other Monsteras.

Known from Pernambuco, Brazil, at around 600 m elevation. The specific epithet comes from the Greek kephale, meaning head, in reference to the head-like inflorescence.

Tillandsia cereicola is a small to medium-sized epiphytic bromeliad native to South America. As the name suggests, it is commonly found growing on columnar cacti (Cereus and related genera). It has silver-scaled, narrow leaves typical of xeric species.

Tillandsia cernua is a small epiphytic bromeliad native to Mexico and Central America. It has narrow, recurved leaves covered with silver trichomes and produces a simple inflorescence with small tubular flowers. The species name 'cernua' refers to the nodding or drooping habit of the inflorescence.

Tillandsia cerosa is a small to medium-sized epiphytic bromeliad native to South America. It has narrow, silvery leaves forming a compact rosette. The inflorescence produces distichous (two-ranked) floral bracts with tubular flowers.

Tillandsia cerrateana is an epiphytic bromeliad native to Peru. It belongs to the xeric group and is characterized by its dense trichome coverage giving the leaves a silvery appearance. The species was described from specific localities in Peru.

Tillandsia chacomasensis is an epiphytic bromeliad native to the Chaco region of South America. It features silvery, narrow leaves adapted to the hot and seasonally dry climate of the Gran Chaco.

Tillandsia chaetophylla is an epiphytic bromeliad native to South America. It is characterized by very slender, thread-like (chaetophyllous) leaves densely covered with trichomes. It typically forms clumps on trees and shrubs.

Tillandsia chalcatzingensis is an epiphytic bromeliad native to Mexico, specifically described from the Chalcatzingo area of Morelos state. It is adapted to seasonally dry conditions and features silvery trichome-covered leaves.

Tillandsia champaraensis is an epiphytic bromeliad native to Peru, described from the Champará area. It has characteristics typical of Andean xeric tillandsias, with silvery leaves and adaptations to dry montane environments.

Tillandsia chapalillaensis is an epiphytic bromeliad native to Mexico, described from the Chapalilla area of Nayarit state. It has narrow, trichome-covered leaves adapted to seasonally dry tropical forests.

Tillandsia chapeuensis is an epiphytic bromeliad native to Brazil. It belongs to the xeric silver-leaved group, characterized by a dense covering of trichomes (specialized scales) that give the leaves a silvery-gray appearance. It is associated with the cerrado (Brazilian savanna) and related open, seasonally dry vegetation.

Tillandsia chartacea is an epiphytic bromeliad native to Ecuador and Peru. Its name derives from the papery texture ('chartacea' means paper-like) of its floral bracts. It has green to grayish leaves and produces a distinctive flattened inflorescence.

A saxicolous species described in 2023 by H. Hrom. and L. Hrom., endemic to Chiapas, Mexico. It grows on rock formations on the slope of a low forested mountain. The species name is derived from the town of Chicoasen in the municipality of the same name, north of the Rio Grijalva.

A saxicolous species with very thick leaves covered with dense silver trichomes and extremely heavy, wire-like roots for anchoring to rocks. It resembles T. lorentziana but is distinguished by green floral bracts and larger white flowers. The floral bracts are erect, lance-like, acuminate, approximately 2.5 cm long and 6 mm wide, green with scattered white lepidote scales. Petals are white, approximately 4 cm long.

A recently described species from the high-elevation forests of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia, near Bogota. Named after Chingaza National Park where it was discovered. The species is notable for its floral parts densely covered with a resin-like substance and exceptionally long fruits. Although it has distichous flowers and petal appendages, morphological affinities place it in Tillandsia subgenus Allardtia rather than Vriesea.

An epiphytic species with narrow, reddish-green leaves forming a rosette approximately 30 cm in diameter. The inflorescence reaches about 30 cm and displays crimson bracts. Flowers are small and white, blooming from March to May. The species grows in wet tropical forests at approximately 400 m elevation.

An epiphytic perennial species in the family Bromeliaceae, growing to approximately 20 cm. It has a distinctive grey-toned appearance. Also known under the synonym Vriesea chontalensis. The species grows primarily in wet tropical environments as an epiphyte on trees.

Tillandsia chusgonensis is native to Peru, where it grows on rock cliffs. Named after the Río Chusgón valley, it bears leaves densely covered with long trichomes giving a silvery-white appearance, similar to T. tectorum.

Tillandsia circinnatioides is an epiphyte endemic to south-central Mexico (Puebla, México, Guerrero, Oaxaca), growing on cacti, trees, and shrubs in dry areas at 600–1500 m.

A terrestrial species endemic to Mexico, characterized by thick, leathery, heart-shaped leaves with prominent white venation against a dark green background. Leaves can reach 15-25 cm in length with a velvety texture. The petioles are thick and angular. Produces inconspicuous greenish inflorescences followed by orange berries.

Tillandsia clavigera occurs in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. In central Peru it grows as a rupicolous plant on steep rocks at about 2400 m.

A small saxicolous species with a distinctive spike, discovered in 2005 and formally described in 2008. Related to T. durangensis but distinguished by long dark brown leaf sheaths, leaf blades only 2 cm wide above the sheath, a much shorter inflorescence stem of 10 to 15 cm, and shorter but wider spikes measuring 6 to 12 cm long and up to 2.5 cm wide.

An epiphytic species endemic to Bolivia, described by E. Gross and Rauh. It forms large clumps with rooting stems 3 to 6 cm long spreading abundantly from the base. Single rosettes grow to 17 cm high with approximately 10 leaves forming an 8 cm high, 10 cm diameter rosette. The leaf sheath is indistinct, approximately 2 cm high and 1.5 cm wide, pale violet in color, glabrous on the upper surface and densely lepidote beneath. Flowers have bluish violet petals with white at the base.

A saxicolous, pulvinate species, often branched, with stout brown roots. Flowering height is 10 to 15 cm, with a caulescent stem longer than the rosette, up to 13 cm long. The rosette is up to 7 cm in diameter with 12 to 14 polystichous leaves, 3 to 7 cm long. Leaves are coriaceous to sub-succulent with an asymmetric keel, green-grey, covered with appressed cinereous scales. Named after Australian bromeliad enthusiast Len Colgan. Related to T. friesii and T. hegeri but distinguished by stem length, inflorescence structure, and violet petals.

Native to Vaupes and Amazonas in Colombia, where it grows terrestrially and on rocks in savanna and forest at elevations of 195 to 250 m. The type specimen was collected at Mitu in Vaupes.

Tillandsia colorata is an epiphyte native to Argentina (Salta), occurring in the subtropical biome.

Tillandsia comarapaensis is endemic to Bolivia (Dpto. Santa Cruz), described from near Comarapa. It grows in dry thorn scrub at about 1700–1850 m elevation.

An epiphytic species with rigid, leathery leaves of pale greenish color. The inflorescence is more robust than related species, with flowers larger than the rachis and broadly suborbicular floral bracts. Distinguished from T. makoyana by its green rather than grey coloration, shorter but wider leaves, and white flowers with a slightly open throat rather than violet flowers with a closed throat. Formally described by R. Ehlers in 2006.

An epiphytic bromeliad that grows a rosette of broad, straplike leaves often intensely mottled with red. It produces a large, pendulous red inflorescence. The plant has a dense rosette structure with silvery-green leaves covered in tiny scales that assist moisture absorption. Widespread but not common in cloud forests along the Andes.

A natural hybrid between T. complanata and T. ionochroma, described by Werner Rauh in 1977. The leaves are green with violet spots. The plant produces several axillary arching inflorescences similar to T. complanata, but with bipinnate and narrow cylindric spikes. Found growing at 2800 m in cloud forest environments.

An acaulescent epiphytic species, 12 to 25 cm tall, with a spreading rosette of many pale green leaves, often streaked or spotted with purple-red. It produces multiple inflorescences from the leaf axils. Petals are ligulate, approximately 2 cm long, and rose, purple, or blue in color. The capsule is slenderly cylindric and acute, 4 cm long.

Tillandsia compressa ranges from Mexico through Central America to Colombia and the Caribbean. It is a perennial or epiphyte of the seasonally dry tropical biome.

Tillandsia comulcoensis is a saxicolous species endemic to Puebla, Mexico, growing on rocks near the Río Comulco at around 2000 m elevation.

Dracaena concinna is a shrub or small tree up to about 4 m tall, endemic to Mauritius in the western Indian Ocean. It has a straight, grayish trunk topped by clusters of long, narrow, lanceolate leaves, and bears orange-red berries. In the wild it survives in remnants of dry coastal forest on islets off the Mauritian coast, including Île aux Aigrettes and Gunner's Quoin, and it has been introduced to Round Island. The IUCN Red List classifies it as Endangered in the wild. Stem cuttings root very easily, and nurseries in Mauritius propagate the species in large numbers for ornamental planting. In Mauritius it is called bois de chandelle, a French name also used for other Dracaena species of the Mascarene Islands. The species was described by Carl Sigismund Kunth in 1850.

Tillandsia concolor is an epiphyte native from southern Mexico to El Salvador, occurring in the seasonally dry tropical biome at elevations of about 500–1200 m.

Occurs in Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador, growing lithophytically and terrestrially on vertical walls in low montane rainforest of Amazonia at about 825 m elevation. The specific epithet refers to its provenance, the Cordillera del Cóndor.

A medium-sized mesic species approximately 25 cm tall, found in montane forests. The gray-green leaves sometimes tint reddish in strong light. The inflorescence is branched with bright red-orange scape bracts and reddish floral bracts coated with a waxy powder, bearing purple flowers. Described by Andre in 1888.

Tillandsia copalaensis is an epiphyte endemic to Oaxaca, Mexico, occurring in the seasonally dry tropical biome.

Tillandsia copanensis is an epiphyte endemic to Honduras, restricted to river canyons in the northwest near the Guatemalan border, where it grows high on vertical limestone cliffs.

Tillandsia copynii is an epiphyte native to Brazil (Minas Gerais), occurring in the seasonally dry tropical biome.

Occurs in Bahia, Brazil, where it grows epiphytically. The type specimen was collected near Itamaraju.

Occurs in Colombia, Peru and Brazil, growing as an epiphyte in forest at around 250 m elevation.

Tillandsia cossonii is recorded from high-elevation localities in Mexico, including Guerrero (Puerto del Gallo, ~2700 m) and Colima (Nevado de Colima, ~2500 m).

A vigorous climber native to Central America. The adult leaves are entire at the margins but typically develop fenestrations (holes) within the blade. It is often confused with Monstera adansonii but can be distinguished by thicker leaves and floral details. The juvenile leaves are entire and imperforate.

A species endemic to Bolivia, belonging to subgenus Diaphoranthema. It was described in 1984, with the type specimen collected in 1979 from the mountains near Cotagaita in the Potosi Department. Grows epiphytically on Oreocereus neocelsianus cacti in association with T. caliginosa.

An epiphytic species endemic to Mexico, characterized by a clumping habit and larger leaf stems with white or grey lepidote trichomes. The species name refers to its chalky, cretaceous appearance.

Tillandsia crista-galli is an epiphyte endemic to Chiapas, Mexico, near the Guatemalan border. The type was collected between Motozintla and Tapachula at about 1800 m in the wet tropical biome.

A species named in honor of botanist Thomas Croat. It is a hemiepiphyte with entire, narrowly ovate to lanceolate leaves that do not develop fenestrations. The petioles are vaginate (sheathed) for most of their length. It is found in premontane rainforests.

A small epiphytic species, scarcely over 20 cm tall, described by Baker in 1888. The type specimen was collected from Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.

Tillandsia cryptopoda is an epiphyte found in Honduras, El Salvador, and Nicaragua, growing in forest at 1500–2350 m elevation.

A terrestrial species prized for its large, velvety, heart-shaped leaves featuring prominent silver-white venation. Leaves can reach 40-60 cm in length and have a dark green to nearly black coloration. The inflorescence is inconspicuous with a greenish spathe and spadix. New leaves emerge with a bronze or reddish tint.

A species endemic to Ecuador, found in subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland. The species is threatened by habitat loss.

Tillandsia curvifolia is endemic to Guanajuato, Mexico, growing at 2200–2400 m in oak forest on rocky outcrops and hillsides. Originally described as T. tortilis subsp. curvifolia; some authors place it in the segregate genus Viridantha.

A medium-sized epiphytic bromeliad forming stemless rosettes up to 50 cm wide. The narrow, recurved leaves are dark green with reddish-brown striations at the base. The distinctive paddle-shaped inflorescence features densely packed rose-pink bracts up to 16 cm long, from which fragrant violet-blue flowers emerge successively. The species name "cyanea" refers to the deep blue color of the flowers. Formerly classified as Tillandsia cyanea, it was reassigned to Wallisia in 2016 based on phylogenetic analysis.

Native to Brazil, growing terrestrially or epiphytically at elevations from near sea level to about 1,200 m. The type material was collected in Sao Paulo state.

Tillandsia dasyliriifolia is a large epiphyte native to eastern and southern Mexico (Chiapas to San Luis Potosí), Guatemala, Belize, and Honduras. It grows in moist lowland and seasonally dry forest up to about 800 m.

Native to the Brazilian states of Espirito Santo and Minas Gerais, growing on rocks at elevations of 800 to 1000 m.

Tillandsia delicata is endemic to Mexico, occurring in the southwest of the country.

Iconic tropical climbing plant with large, glossy leaves featuring distinctive holes and splits (fenestrations). In the wild, produces edible fruit with a flavor reminiscent of pineapple and banana. One of the most popular houseplants worldwide.

This species is native to Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Peru, growing terrestrially or as an epiphyte in forests at elevations of 2000-3400m.

Native to the state of Oaxaca in Mexico, this species grows epiphytically in oak, pine and tropical deciduous forests at elevations of 1730 to 1960 m. The specific epithet refers to its bicolorous petals.

Found in Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina, this species grows as an epiphyte in woodlands and is sometimes found on rocks, at elevations of 500-1440 m.

This species is known only from the type collection in Colima, Mexico.

A widespread species characterized by its deeply pinnatifid (dissected) leaves. Unlike Monstera subpinnata, the leaf segments are connected at the base rather than fully separated. The seeds are distinctively large and rounded. It grows as a hemiepiphyte on large trees.

A recently described species from the Donoso District in Panama. It is characterized by entire, oblong-elliptic leaf blades and distinctive floral morphology. It lacks the fenestrations found in many other Monstera species.

A rare lithophytic bromeliad endemic to the southern Espinhaço Range in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Forms rosettes with narrow leaves and produces compound inflorescences with orange-yellow flowers. Named after botanist Apparicio P. Duarte. Originally described as Cryptanthus duartei.

Notable for its distinct heteroblasty. The juvenile phase is a "shingle plant" with variegated silver and green leaves appressed flat against the host tree. The adult foliage dramatically transforms into large, fenestrated, and pinnatifid leaves that hang from the stem.

A species distributed in southeastern Brazil, growing as an epiphyte in rainforest from sea level to 800 m.

A distinct species from Mexico and Belize featuring coriaceous (leathery) leaves that are deeply pinnatifid. The pinnae (segments) are broad, and the leaves typically lack fenestrations. The inflorescence is notably large and stout.

The rubber plant is an evergreen tree in the genus Ficus native from the eastern Himalaya through Myanmar to the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Java, reaching 20–30 m tall in the wild. It begins life as an epiphyte on other trees and later produces aerial roots from its branches, which thicken into additional trunks once they reach the ground. The leaves are elliptic, 8–30 cm long, thick, leathery and glossy, and each new leaf unfurls from a red stipule sheath. It was once cultivated as a source of natural rubber and is widely grown as a houseplant.

A winter-growing caudiciform vine with a large, partially exposed tuber covered in thick, corky plates resembling a tortoise shell. The tuber can reach over 1m in diameter and height in habitat. Produces annual climbing stems with heart-shaped leaves during the cooler months, dying back in summer. Dioecious with small greenish-yellow flowers.

Found in the Barranca del Cobre of Chihuahua, Mexico, growing on trees at about 1200 m. The specific epithet honours Elizabeth Gay of Tarzana, California.

Known from Narino in southern Colombia, growing on trees in forest at 2000 m on the eastern slopes of the Cordillera of Pasto. The species is known only from the type collection.

A rare species endemic to Costa Rican cloud forests. It features large, pinnatifid, and perforated leaves. It is the true species often confused with the "Esqueleto" clone in cultivation. It differs from Monstera adansonii by its larger size, pinnatifid margins, and high-elevation habitat.

A species from the Méndez area of Bolivia, growing epiphytically at elevations of 1,800 to 2,200 m.

A species from Pernambuco, Brazil, growing saxicolous on an inselberg in the Caatinga domain at about 635 m. The specific epithet honors the agronomist and botanist Erton Mendonca de Almeida, who provided the information that led to the discovery of the remaining population.

Occurs in Ecuador and Peru, growing epiphytically in dry open scrub and woodland at elevations of 200-900 m.

Native to northwestern Mexico, growing as an epiphyte in dry forests and thickets at elevations of 10 to 45 meters.

This species is distributed in the Ancash region of Peru, growing on steep rock walls at elevations of 500 to 2500 m.

A large, variable, tank-forming species lacking discernible stems. Leaves are arranged in a rosette, leathery, grey-green with a waxy coating, 30 to 80 cm in length, forming basal cups that hold water and detritus. The inflorescence is a panicle of spikes shorter than the leaves, with bright red bracts and violet to white flowers. A highly variable species with multiple recognized varieties. In the southeastern United States (Florida), populations are threatened by the invasive Mexican bromeliad weevil (Metamasius callizona).

Native to Guinea in West Africa, growing on rocky sandstone faces at around 440 m.

Found in Venezuela and Trinidad, growing as an epiphyte in humid forest at 500 to 1300 m. The type specimen was collected near Colonia Tovar in Venezuela.

A terrestrial bromeliad originally described as Cryptanthus fernseeoides. The specific epithet refers to its resemblance to species of the genus Fernseea. Transferred to Rokautskyia in 2017 based on phylogenetic revisions of the Cryptanthoid complex. Forms rosettes of leaves and occurs in the humid Atlantic Forest understory. Endemic to eastern Brazil.

Ranges across the Greater Antilles, Mexico and Central America, growing as an epiphyte in forest at elevations of 25 to 1,000 m.

A species found in Costa Rica, Panama, and Colombia. It is characterized by pinnatifid leaf blades and petioles that have sheaths degrading into persistent, reddish-brown fibers (filaments), for which the species is named.

A medium-sized stemless species forming a dense, rounded rosette of numerous fine, thread-like leaves approximately 7 cm in length. The species name means "thread-leaved." Leaf sheaths are grape-violet to chestnut-colored with small, dispersed trichomes. The inflorescence is bipinnate with many slender spikes bearing small flowers with violet petals. Grows as an epiphyte in seasonally dry tropical forests.

Known as the Twisted Air Plant, it has thick, stiff leaves that spiral around the stem. It is unique for its viviparous reproduction, producing offsets on the inflorescence.

Tillandsia floresensis occurs in Chiapas, Mexico, at around 750 m elevation. Its specific epithet refers to Villa Flores, the place of its discovery.

Native to the San Martín region of Peru, growing on stony ground on steep slopes in virgin forest at about 500 m elevation. The specific epithet is dedicated to Alberto Flores, a farmer from Pucacaca who brought the species to the authors' attention.

A compact terrestrial or lithophytic species distinguished by its oval to teardrop-shaped leaves that lack the typical basal sinus found in most Anthurium species. Leaves are dark green with silver venation, reaching 15-25 cm in length. The leaf surface has a velvety texture. Produces inconspicuous inflorescences.

A species distributed in the state of Espirito Santo in southeastern Brazil, growing terrestrially and epiphytically along the coast. A subspecies is also recognised.

Dracaena fragrans is a slow-growing shrub or tree native throughout tropical Africa, usually with several stems from the base, reaching about 1.5 to 15 m tall in the wild. Its glossy green, strap-shaped to lanceolate leaves are 20 to 150 cm long and 2 to 12 cm wide. White flowers marked with a red to purple central line are borne in panicles and are strongly fragrant, giving the species its name, and they are followed by bright orange berries 1 to 2 cm across. Plants once sold as Dracaena deremensis, such as 'Warneckei' and 'Janet Craig', belong to this species. The cultivar 'Massangeana', with a broad yellow central stripe on each leaf, is widely grown as a houseplant. The species is also planted as a hedge in Africa. The plant contains saponins and is toxic to dogs, cats and horses, causing vomiting, drooling and loss of appetite if eaten.

Occurs in Cundinamarca and Valle in Colombia and in Loja in Ecuador, growing as an epiphyte in forest and on paramo between 1800 and 3300 m.

Known from the state of Bahia in eastern Brazil, where the type material was collected in the nineteenth century.

Distinctive caulescent (stem-forming) air plant with needle-like leaves resembling small pine branches. Produces spectacular scarlet-red tubular flowers. Forms long, draping clumps over time. Named after Belgian botanist Nicolas Funck.

This species is native to Bolivia, Paraguay, and northern Argentina, growing as an epiphyte in dry forests at elevations of 500-850m.

Native to Napo in Ecuador, growing epiphytically in forest. The type collection came from the Rio Negro area in the valley of the Rio Pastaza.

Native to Cochabamba in Bolivia, where it is known from the area between Tarata and Capinota. It grows on rocks at 2,560-2,600 m elevation.

Native to central Argentina, from Catamarca to Mendoza and also in La Pampa and Buenos Aires. One subspecies is recognised.

A species from Oaxaca in Mexico, ranging from Tequisistlán to Totolapan, where it grows saxicolously on canyon walls.

Dracaena goldieana is a small, rhizomatous understory shrub or subshrub native to Nigeria and western Central Africa, usually 30 to 60 cm tall with a slender stem up to about 1 cm thick. Its ovate leaves are 18 to 30 cm long and up to 6.5 cm wide, end in a thread-like tip and remain along the whole length of the stem. They are glossy dark green with transverse bands of light gray to silver. Small, fragrant white flowers are stalkless and borne in dense clusters. The plant grows slowly and is cultivated as an ornamental foliage plant, outdoors in tropical climates and indoors elsewhere. It has also been placed in the genus Pleomele as Pleomele goldieana. The plant contains saponins and can cause vomiting, drooling, loss of appetite and diarrhea in dogs and cats if eaten.

Often considered a smaller, more delicate version of M. adansonii with more rounded leaf bases.

Native to Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo and Parana in Brazil, where it grows as an epiphyte in forest from near sea level to about 1000 m.

A caudiciform succulent with a swollen, balloon-shaped silvery-gray caudex up to 40cm in diameter. The plant reaches up to 90cm in height with slender reddish-brown branches bearing paired spines. Produces bright yellow, fragrant flowers on long peduncles. Leaves are narrow and deciduous during the dry season.

Occurs in the state of Puebla, Mexico, and is known only from the type collection.

Native to Minas Gerais in Brazil, where it grows on rocks. The specific epithet derives from Grao Mogol, the area of the type locality.

Native to the state of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, with the type collection made near Petropolis. The specific epithet honours the botanist Graziela M. Barroso.

Native to Colima, Guanajuato, Jalisco and Michoacan in Mexico, growing epiphytically in tropical deciduous and oak forests at elevations of 680 to 1,850 m.

Occurs in Cotopaxi, Tungurahua, Bolivar and Chimborazo in Ecuador, growing terrestrially between 2400 and 3000 m in gorges, along roadsides and on the clay walls used to divide fields. The species is named in honour of Nancy Groves.

This species is distributed in Zacapa, Guatemala, growing on rocks near the Teculutan river at an elevation of around 500 m.

Philodendron hederaceum is a climbing species in the genus Philodendron (Araceae), widespread from Mexico through tropical America. It is a hemiepiphytic vine (it can start life on the ground and climb, or germinate on a tree branch), climbing with aerial roots and reaching 10 m in the wild. The leaves are glossy and heart-shaped, emerging bronze and soon turning green, and adult leaves measure 14 to 30 cm long and 10 to 20 cm wide. Plants have been sold as P. scandens, P. oxycardium and P. micans, all now included in this species. Var. oxycardium ranges from Mexico to Honduras. Cultivars include 'Brasil', with yellow variegation along the midrib, and 'Lime', with entirely yellow leaves. It contains calcium oxalate, and chewing the plant causes pain and swelling of the mouth, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing, so keep it away from pets and children. It has naturalized in Hawaii, Florida and elsewhere.

A caulescent lithophytic species that grows on rocks. It features a distinct star-shaped rosette with stiff, trichome-covered leaves. It often forms large mats in its native habitat.

Found in Mexico, growing both as an epiphyte on trees and terrestrially on the ground.

Native to the state of Bahia in Brazil, this species grows at an elevation of around 1000 m. The type specimen was collected on Morro do Pai Inacio in the Chapada Diamantina.

Native to Cochabamba in Bolivia, where it grows terrestrially at an elevation of 640 m. The specific epithet honours Dale Heydlauff.

A species distributed in Cajamarca in northern Peru, growing saxicolous on cliffs at elevations of 1,000 to 1,100 m. The specific epithet was given after Hilda Rauh, the wife of Werner Rauh.

This species is distributed in Cochabamba, Bolivia, growing as an epiphyte on trees, shrubs, or cacti at an elevation of 2500m.

Native to Tungurahua and Napo in Ecuador, this species grows on moist cliffs at elevations of 1100 to 1500 m. The type specimen was collected along the Rio Pastaza near Banos.

Native to Loja in Ecuador, where it grows in wet scrub forest at elevations of 2900 to 3200 m. The specific epithet honours Thomas Hoijer of the Bergius Botanic Garden in Stockholm, Sweden.

This species is native to Honduras, growing on steep rock walls within pine forests at an elevation of 1800m.

Native to the Ancash region of Peru around Huaraz, this species grows on rocks. The type specimen was collected on the heights above Huaraz.

Found in the state of Guerrero, Mexico, where it grows as an epiphyte on oaks at elevations of 1300 to 1600 m. The specific epithet honours Ilse Zecher, who first recognised the species in the field.

Native to the Sud Cinti area of Bolivia.

This species is native to Colombia and Ecuador, growing terrestrially, on rocks, or as an epiphyte in sunny habitats at elevations of 500-3200m.

A popular small epiphytic species that forms compact rosettes. The leaves turn vivid red during the blooming cycle, producing purple tubular flowers. It clumps readily over time.

Occurs in Ecuador and Peru, growing as an epiphyte in woodland at elevations of 2,300 to 3,900 m.

Native to the state of Bahia in Brazil, growing on the steep faces of inselbergs at elevations of 400 to 1000 m.

This species is widely distributed from Mexico through the Greater Antilles to Bolivia, growing terrestrially or epiphytically at elevations from 5 to 2416m.

Native to Honduras, growing epiphytically on coffee and mahogany trees at about 1,200 m elevation. It has been recorded near Gracias and in the area around Juticalpa.

Native to Loja in Ecuador, where it grows as an epiphyte on trees in bush vegetation at about 2250 m. It grows solitarily or in small groups, propagating by shoots at the base of the rosette. The specific epithet honors Karine Bracke, who supported the study of Ecuadorian bromeliads with her husband Jose Manzanares.

This species is distributed in Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro states, Brazil, growing epiphytically in moist mountain forests at elevations of 700 to 1000 m. The specific epithet honors its discoverer, Roberto Kautsky.

Ranges from Panama to northeastern Brazil, growing as an epiphyte in forest from sea level to 900 m. The type specimen was collected at Paramaribo in Suriname.

Hoya kerrii is an evergreen epiphytic climber in the dogbane family (Apocynaceae), native to Indochina and western Malesia, from Thailand to Java. Its wiry stems climb trees with aerial roots and reach about 4 m, and they contain white latex. The thick, succulent, hairless leaves are broadly ovate with a deeply notched tip, giving them a heart shape; they are up to about 9 cm long and 8 cm wide, with 5 or 6 lateral veins. Rounded umbels about 5 cm across hold 10 to 25 cream to white star-shaped flowers 7 to 8 mm wide with a dark brown to pinkish-brown corona. The flowers are fragrant at night and secrete reddish-brown nectar that can stain surfaces. The species was described in 1911 from plants collected on Doi Suthep near Chiang Mai, Thailand. Single rooted leaves are often sold as gifts, but a leaf without a piece of stem rarely grows into a vine. It is generally listed as non-toxic to pets, though the sap may irritate sensitive skin.

Native to Santa Catarina in southern Brazil, growing terrestrially or epiphytically in lowlands at elevations of 0 to 5 m.

Occurs along the Río Pachachaca in Apurímac, Peru, near the bridge between Abancay and Andahuaylas, and is known only from the type locality. It grows on rock walls at an elevation of 2500 m. Its epithet honors its discoverer, E. Kirschnek.

This species is native to the San Marcos-San Pablo region of Guatemala, growing at an elevation of 2200m. Its species epithet honors its discoverer, Manfred Kretz.

This species occurs in Bolivia, growing as a terrestrial plant in rich open places at elevations of 900 to 1800 m.

Native to Minas Gerais and the inland areas of Espirito Santo in Brazil, growing as an epiphyte in dense ombrophilous forest, semi-deciduous forest and campos rupestres at elevations of 500 to 1,700 m.

Pachypodium lamerei is a stem-succulent tree in the dogbane family (Apocynaceae), endemic to Madagascar. In the wild it reaches about 2 to 5 m, sometimes more, with a swollen, water-storing trunk covered in sharp spines up to 5 cm long arranged in groups of three. Long, narrow leaves cluster at the top of the stem and are shed in the dry season, while the stem keeps photosynthesizing by CAM (a water-saving pathway that takes up carbon dioxide at night). Mature plants, usually around 1.8 m or taller, bear clusters of white tubular flowers up to about 7 cm long. Damaged stems exude a milky sap that is considered toxic. All Pachypodium species are listed in CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species), and this species is in Appendix II.

This species is distributed from Ecuador through Peru (Guano Islands) to Chile (Tarapaca, Antofagasta, Atacama, and Coquimbo), growing terrestrially or epiphytically in arid coastal regions at elevations of 300-1,500 m. A subspecies is also known.

Recorded from Michoacán, Mexico. The species is known only from the type collection, made in 1898.

A species distributed in the state of Aragua in Venezuela, growing terrestrially and epiphytically in cloud forest at elevations of 400 to 1,600 m. The specific epithet honours Tobias Lasser for his many contributions to the botany of Venezuela.

A terrestrial bromeliad characterized by its broad leaves, as indicated by the specific epithet latifolia (Latin for "broad-leaved"). Originally described as Cryptanthus latifolius and transferred to Rokautskyia in 2017. Forms rosettes in the shaded understory of the Atlantic Forest. The wider leaves distinguish this species from narrow-leaved congeners. Endemic to eastern Brazil.

Native to Oaxaca in Mexico, where it occurs at about 1800 m. The type specimen was collected at Copala by Alfred B. Lau, for whom the species is named.

Native to Huehuetenango in Guatemala and to Mexico, growing epiphytically on pine trees.

An epiphytic climber with large, leathery leaves. Fenestrations occur near the midrib in mature specimens.

Native to Colombia and Ecuador, this species grows terrestrially or on rocks on open or brushy slopes at elevations of 1200 to 2500 m. The type specimen was collected near Pasto in southern Colombia.

Native to the state of Minas Gerais in Brazil, where it is known only from the type collection made in the extreme north of the state.

Maranta leuconeura is a rhizomatous evergreen perennial in the family Marantaceae, native to eastern and central Brazil. It grows about 30 cm tall and spreads sideways, with oval two-toned leaves up to about 12 cm long. The leaves lie flat during the day and fold upward at night, which is the origin of its common name prayer plant. Small white to purple flowers are produced but often go unnoticed on indoor plants. Varieties include var. kerchoveana, with dark blotches between the veins, and var. erythroneura, with red veins on dark green leaves.

A terrestrial bromeliad originally described as Cryptanthus leuzingerae. The specific epithet honors a person named Leuzinger. Transferred to Rokautskyia in 2017 based on molecular phylogenetic studies of the Cryptanthoid complex. Forms compact rosettes in the understory of the Atlantic Forest. Endemic to eastern Brazil and found in humid forest environments.

Tillandsia loliacea is distributed across Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina, growing as a lithophyte and epiphyte in semi-arid habitats up to elevations of around 1500 m.

Occurs in Santander in Colombia and Pasco in Peru, growing as an epiphyte at elevations of 700 to 1,800 m. One variety is recognised.

Tillandsia lymanii is known from the Cajamarca region of Peru, where it grows on steep cliffs at elevations of 600 to 800 m.

Ficus lyrata, the fiddle-leaf fig, is an evergreen tree in the mulberry family (Moraceae), native to the lowland rainforests of western and west-central tropical Africa. It can start life as a hemiepiphyte (a plant that germinates on another tree and later roots in the ground). In its native habitat it can reach about 30 m, while planted trees usually grow 3 to 12 m. The glossy, leathery leaves are lyre- or fiddle-shaped with wavy margins, up to about 45 cm long and 30 cm wide, with pale, conspicuous veins. Round green figs about 3 to 5 cm across, dotted with pale spots, are borne in pairs near the branch tips. It is widely grown as an indoor foliage plant. The milky sap may irritate sensitive skin and is toxic if swallowed.

Native to Mexico, where it grows saxicolously on rock faces and as an epiphyte in pine and oak forest at elevations of 1,800 to 3,200 m.

Occurs in the Cusco region of Peru, growing saxicolously on steep rock faces near the Urubamba River at 2,070 to 2,300 m elevation. The specific epithet derives from the Inca ruins of Machu Picchu.

Native to the state of Espirito Santo in Brazil. The type specimen was collected at Santa Teresa in the same state.

A massive evergreen perennial herb in the arum family that forms a thick, erect trunk, reaching about 4 m tall in large plants. The arrow-shaped leaf blades grow up to about 1.2 m long and 50 cm wide on leaf stalks up to about 1.3 m long. It resembles Alocasia odora but grows larger. It has long been cultivated across tropical Asia and the Pacific islands as a starchy root crop, so where it occurs truly wild is unclear. It is also grown as an ornamental foliage plant, including cultivars with creamy white variegation.

A terrestrial species characterized by large, broadly heart-shaped leaves with prominent white venation against a dark olive-green to nearly black background. Leaves can reach 30-60 cm in length with a velvety texture. The petioles are distinctively quadrangular (four-sided) in cross-section, which distinguishes it from the similar A. crystallinum. New leaves emerge with a bronze to burgundy coloration.

Native to Ancash in Peru, where it grows on vertical rock walls at elevations of 2000 to 2600 m. The specific epithet honours Ludwig G. Maly.

This species is native to the Ica region of Peru, where it grows terrestrially in extensive populations on desert shores at elevations of 600 to 800 meters.

Found in Costa Rica, growing epiphytically or terrestrially in forest at 55-1360 m elevation.

A species known from the mountains near Brealito in Salta province, Argentina, growing on steep rock faces and flatter rock formations at about 2,700 m.

A stunning xeric species with broad, recurved leaves densely covered in white trichomes. It grows on steep cliffs and is adapted to arid environments with strong sunlight.

Ranges through the Mexican states of Hidalgo, Jalisco and Puebla, growing saxicolously on steep rock walls at 1,300-2,000 m elevation. The specific epithet honours the Mexican botanist P. Maury.

Native to the state of Sinaloa in Mexico, where it grows as an epiphyte in dry areas at about 50 m elevation. The type collection was made near the coast close to Mazatlan.

A terrestrial species from Dominica in the Lesser Antilles, growing on open summits at 1,260-1,400 m elevation. Its recorded range is restricted to that island.

A delicate terrestrial bromeliad characterized by narrow leaves with scalloped margins and soft spines. Originally described as Cryptanthus microglazioui in 1998 and transferred to Rokautskyia in 2017. The specific epithet refers to its resemblance to Cryptanthus glazioui but in smaller form. Develops a branching stem reaching approximately 15 cm. Endemic to the Atlantic Forest of Espírito Santo state, Brazil.

Found in Bahia, Brazil, growing lithophytically on rocks.

Euphorbia milii is a spiny, semi-succulent shrub in the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae), endemic to Madagascar and widely grown as an ornamental in warm regions. It usually grows up to about 1 m tall in cultivation, with stems bearing gray spines up to about 3 cm long along their ridges and leaves clustered near the stem tips. The showy red, pink or yellow parts are bracts surrounding the small true flowers (cyathia, the cup-like flower clusters typical of Euphorbia), and flowering can continue through much of the year when temperatures allow. Cut stems exude a white latex that is toxic if ingested and can irritate skin. Succulent Euphorbia species are listed in CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species) Appendix II, but artificially propagated cultivars of this species traded in shipments of 100 or more readily recognizable plants are exempt.

This species is distributed in Colombia and Ecuador, growing as an epiphyte in dry thickets and also on rocky cliffs at elevations of 650 to 1885 m. A variety is known.

Tillandsia minutiflora is widely distributed across Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay and Argentina. It usually grows as an epiphyte on bushes and small trees, though it can also colonize rocks, at elevations of 600 to 2600 m.

Native to the state of Guerrero in Mexico, growing on vertical cliffs at around 1500 m.

Found in Oaxaca, Mexico, growing on steep rock walls at 2500 m elevation, and known only from the type locality. The epithet honours the Mixtec indigenous people of the mountainous region of Oaxaca.

Known from the Santa Cruz area of Bolivia at around 700 m elevation. The type specimen was collected on Cerro el Organo in the Serranía de Santiago, in the Chiquitos area.

This species is distributed in Brazil and grows as an epiphyte in forest at elevations of 750 to 800 m.

Occurs from north-eastern French Guiana into the Voltzberg area of Suriname at around 120 m elevation. It grows as an epiphyte in primary forest and also saxicolously on granitic outcrops known as inselbergs.

Native to the state of Zacatecas in Mexico, this species grows on steep rock walls at elevations of 1800 to 2000 m. The specific epithet derives from the Sierra de Morones, where it grows abundantly on rock walls.

Native to the state of Bahia in eastern Brazil. The type specimen was collected in a municipal park near Mucuge, in the Chapada Diamantina area of Bahia.

Native to Pernambuco and Bahia in Brazil, growing in the sand of dunes near sea level.

Native to Valle and Cauca in Colombia and to Cocle in Panama, where it grows at 450 to 2000 m on banks, cliffs and in forest. It occurs terrestrially, saxicolously and as an epiphyte.

Native to the state of Amazonas in northern Brazil.

Native to Argentina, where it grows as an epiphyte at elevations of 180 to 1400 m.

A high-altitude caulescent species. Despite its specific name "nana" (dwarf), it can form long stems. It requires cool temperatures and high humidity but constant airflow.

Native to Bahia in eastern Brazil. The type material was collected at Jacobina in the same state.

This species is native to Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, where it grows as a lithophyte on granite rock walls.

Known from Loja in southern Ecuador, where it grows on trees.

Strelitzia nicolai is the largest species in the genus, an evergreen, multi-stemmed tree-like plant up to about 10 to 12 m tall that forms dense clumps, native to the coast of southeastern Africa. Its smooth gray stems carry enormous, glossy gray-green, banana-like leaves on long stalks, with blades up to 2 m long that often tear in the wind. The inflorescence, up to 50 cm long, consists of several purplish blue, boat-shaped spathes from which flowers with white sepals and a blue tongue emerge. Flowering is sporadic through the year. The black seeds bear a bright orange woolly aril. The epithet honours Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaievich, son of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia. Sunbirds visit the flowers for nectar. The species tolerates salty coastal winds and some drought but not severe frost, and its aggressive roots should be kept away from structures when grown outdoors.

Native to Guerrero and Jalisco in Mexico, where it grows as an epiphyte in tropical deciduous forest at 50 to 190 m, in arid or warm subhumid areas. The specific epithet refers to the Rio San Nicolas, the river near the type locality in Jalisco.

Tillandsia novakii is native to Veracruz, Mexico, growing as an epiphyte on small, sparse trees at around 65 meters elevation. The species is named after A. J. Novak of Austin, Texas, who first provided a specimen with collection data.

Found in Oaxaca, Mexico, growing as an epiphyte at 2400 m elevation.

Native to Mexico, where it grows as an epiphyte in Abies and Pinus woods at 2650 to 3100 m. The specific epithet derives from Oaxaca, the state of the type locality.

Euphorbia obesa is a dwarf succulent from the Great Karoo of South Africa. It has a single, spineless, unbranched stem up to about 20 cm tall and 9 cm across, nearly spherical when young and becoming cylindrical with age. The stem is usually 8-ribbed, grey-green with dull purple transverse bands, and the rudimentary leaves soon fall. Plants are dioecious, bearing small cup-shaped cyathia near the growing tip in summer, and the capsules split explosively to scatter the seeds. Over-collecting once nearly wiped it out in the wild, and it is protected by South African nature conservation law and listed in CITES Appendix II (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species), so international trade in plants needs export and import permits, although seed from artificially propagated plants is exempt. The milky latex released from damaged tissue is poisonous and irritates the skin and eyes.

A pachycaul succulent shrub or small tree with a swollen caudex that stores water. Grows 2-4m tall in habitat. Produces clusters of trumpet-shaped flowers primarily in pink and red shades. Evergreen or drought-deciduous depending on conditions. Contains cardiac glycosides in all parts, making it highly toxic if ingested.

Famous for its extremely thin leaves and massive fenestrations that can occupy up to 90% of the leaf surface.

An evergreen perennial herb native from southern Florida in the United States to tropical America. The stems creep slightly before turning upright, and the obovate, fleshy leaves have a smooth, glossy, waxy surface. Small flowers are borne on cylindrical spikes. Plants typically reach 10 to 50 cm in height and spread, and cultivars with yellow or cream variegated leaves are also grown.

Found in the state of Sinaloa, Mexico, where it grows as an epiphyte in pine and oak forest at about 1100 m. The specific epithet, meaning hidden, refers to the fact that the species long went unrecognised because it was misidentified as Tillandsia ortgiesiana.

Alocasia odora is a large evergreen perennial in the genus Alocasia (Araceae). It has a stout erect to decumbent stem and reaches 2.5 m tall, producing short stolons with tubercles at the base. The leaves are peltate (the petiole attaches inside the blade margin) and cordate-sagittate, up to 130 cm long and 100 cm wide, on petioles up to 1.5 m long. The inflorescence has a greenish white spathe, and the fruits ripen scarlet. It ranges from eastern India to southern China, Indochina, Borneo, Taiwan and southern Japan, where it grows in southern Shikoku, southern Kyushu and the Ryukyu Islands. All parts contain calcium oxalate, and poisoning has been reported from eating the rhizome after mistaking it for taro. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and numbness, and the sap can cause dermatitis on contact. Keep it away from pets and children.

A terrestrial bromeliad notable for its highly fragrant flowers, as indicated by the specific epithet odoratissima (Latin superlative meaning "most fragrant"). Originally described as Cryptanthus odoratissimus and transferred to Rokautskyia in 2017. Members of the former Cryptanthus subgenus Hoplocryptanthus, to which this species shows affinity, are characterized by perfumed flowers. Endemic to the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil.

Occurs in the state of Bahia in Brazil, with the type specimen collected along the Rio Mandassaia at Lencois. The epithet refers to the resemblance of the habit of the plant to echinoderms.

Native to Colombia and Ecuador, growing as an epiphyte in thickets and forests at elevations of 2100 to 4000 m.

Goeppertia orbifolia is an evergreen perennial in the family Marantaceae, endemic to the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. It was long known as Calathea orbifolia and was transferred to Goeppertia in 2012 when Calathea was split. The plant forms a clump of large, rounded leaves marked with silvery-green stripes along the lateral veins. It is widely grown as a houseplant in temperate regions for its foliage.

This species is native to the Venezuelan states of Carabobo and Distrito Federal, growing on rocks.

Native to Chuquisaca in Bolivia, occurring at an elevation of about 1,800 m. The type collection was made in the Oropeza area along the upper course of the Rio Chico.

Tillandsia ortgiesiana grows on cliffs in Guerrero, Mexico.

A small deciduous pachycaul tree reaching up to 1.2m tall with a barrel-shaped trunk covered in corky, warty bark. Branches grow in a distinctive zigzag pattern. Produces tiny glossy compound leaves and small yellowish-green flowers. Dioecious species. Autumn foliage turns red before leaf drop.

Occurs in the state of Jalisco, Mexico.

A widely distributed species ranging from Colombia through Bolivia to Chile. It grows from sea level up to 3,000 m on rocks and desert sand, and also on trees in dry areas.

Ranges from Colombia through Suriname to Brazil, Peru and Bolivia, growing as an epiphyte in forest at elevations of 100 to 750 m. The type collection was made in Para, Brazil.

Native to the state of Paraíba in Brazil, growing on vertical granite rock in full sun at about 240 m. The epithet refers to Paraíba, the state where the species was collected.

Native to Guerrero in Mexico, where it grows as an epiphyte on tall trees at about 1500 m. The specific epithet derives from El Paraiso, the area of the type locality.

Distributed from Florida, USA, through the Bahamas, Cuba, and Hispaniola, eastern Mexico, and Central America, to Colombia and Venezuela, this species grows epiphytically on low forest and scrub at elevations of 0-1500 m.

This species is distributed from the northwestern Bolivian Andes to southern Argentina, growing as an epiphyte on the twigs of shrubs in semi-arid areas.

A miniature caulescent species endemic to Salta province in northwestern Argentina. Mature plants are only 3-4cm tall and 2-3cm wide with thick, succulent gray-green foliage covered in cinereous subappressed scales. The leaves are densely polystichous, narrowly triangular, and pungent. This slow-growing species produces pale blue to nearly white flowers. It grows on sedimentary rocks in its natural habitat.

Ranges from Costa Rica and Nicaragua south through Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador and Peru to Brazil. It grows terrestrially or, more often, as an epiphyte at elevations of 100 to 900 m.

Native to the Brazilian states of Bahia and Espírito Santo, growing terrestrially on dry, scrubby slopes.

Scindapsus pictus is a climbing species in the genus Scindapsus (Araceae), native from southeastern Bangladesh to western and central Malesia. It climbs tree trunks with clinging roots, and its stems reach 12 m in the wild. The leaves are somewhat leathery, dark green with silvery white spots or blotches, and up to about 15 by 14 cm. Juvenile plants grow with the leaves pressed flat against the trunk, overlapping like shingles. Var. argyraeus has more extensive silver markings. It is also known as satin pothos or silver pothos, but it belongs to a different genus from Epipremnum. Indoor plants rarely flower. It contains insoluble calcium oxalate, and chewing the plant causes pain and swelling of the mouth, drooling, vomiting and difficulty swallowing, so keep it away from pets and children.

Native to the Mexican states of Yucatan and Oaxaca, growing as an epiphyte on pine trees, mainly Pinus oocarpa, at elevations of 300 to 400 m.

A species with highly distinct juvenile and mature forms. Juvenile leaves are entire and silvery-green; mature leaves are deeply pinnately lobed.

Native to El Salvador, growing in cloud forest on lake margins at elevations of 1300 to 1640 m.

Native to the Cajamarca region of northern Peru, where it grows on rock at around 800 m elevation.

Native to Mexico, where it grows in somewhat moist habitats at high elevations of 1,300 to 2,400 m. The specific epithet derives from the Latin plumosus, meaning feathery.

Native to the state of Espirito Santo in Brazil. The type specimen was collected at Santa Teresa in the same state.

Tillandsia pohliana is distributed across Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Brazil, and Argentina, growing on rocks and epiphytically in thickets and dry woods at elevations of 750 to 1500 m.

This species is native to Brazil, French Guiana, Colombia, and Peru, growing as an epiphyte in forests at elevations of 100-250m.

Native to Amazonas in Venezuela, where it grows as an epiphyte and terrestrially in forest at elevations of 127 to 650 m. The type specimen was collected near Cerro Sipapo.

Native to Pichincha in Ecuador, this species grows in temperate forest. The type specimen was collected in forest near Niebli.

Tillandsia polystachia occurs from the West Indies and Mexico south to Brazil and Bolivia, growing as an epiphyte at elevations from sea level to 1800 meters.

Native to Rio de Janeiro in Brazil. The type specimen was collected between Cunha and Parati.

This species has an extensive range from Florida in the United States, through Mexico and Cuba, to Ecuador and Brazil, growing as an epiphyte at elevations from sea level to 1400 m.

A terrestrial bromeliad originally described as Cryptanthus pseudoglaziovii in 1991. The specific epithet indicates its resemblance to Cryptanthus glaziovii while being a distinct species. Transferred to Rokautskyia in 2017 based on phylogenetic analyses. Forms rosettes in the humid understory of the Atlantic Forest. Endemic to Espírito Santo state in southeastern Brazil.

A species known from the Apurimac region of southern Peru, where it occurs at around 2,200 m in the Apurimac valley between Andahuaylas and Abancay. It has been recorded from a narrow area and was described in 1974.

Native to the state of Santa Catarina in Brazil. The type collection was made at Sao Bento.

A terrestrial bromeliad characterized by an elongated flowering scape, though less prominent than in Rokautskyia scaposa. Originally described as Cryptanthus pseudoscaposus by L.B. Smith and transferred to Rokautskyia in 2017. The specific epithet means "false scapose," indicating a resemblance to scapose species while having distinct characteristics. Endemic to the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil.

A species from Mexico, growing on rocks at around 1,650 m.

Widespread from Mexico through Central America, growing as an epiphyte in forest at elevations of 350 to 2000 m.

Large hemiepiphytic species with velvety, dark green leaves and many small fenestrations along the midrib.

Ranges from Mexico to Guatemala at elevations from sea level to 1200 m, growing on rocks in woodland and partly submerged along rivers.

Native to the Brazilian states of Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro, growing as an epiphyte.

Native to the Mexican states of Querétaro and Jalisco, growing on rock and occasionally on trees in semi-arid areas at 1,085 to 1,950 m. The epithet refers to Querétaro, where the species was found.

An epiphytic species endemic to Ecuador, described by Harry Luther in 1991 and named after Jerry Raack, a prominent U.S. bromeliad collector who discovered it in 1990. The plant has an open rosette shape with soft green leaves that are discolorous, purplish on the underside, often with a waxy powder on the surface. Under high light intensity and cool temperatures, the upper leaf surface develops a deep maroon coloration. The inflorescence is nearly white, contrasting sharply against the dark wine-red foliage at bloom time. The flowers do not open and are likely pollinated by hummingbirds.

A species known from Tolima in Colombia, growing on cliffs at about 900 m.

Native to the state of Bahia in Brazil, this species grows terrestrially in sandy coastal plain vegetation at elevations of 5 to 10 m. The type specimen was collected near Nova Vicosa.

Endemic to Martinique in the Lesser Antilles. The type specimen was collected near the Riviere Salee, on a patch of firm ground within a mangrove swamp.

Known from the state of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, growing in mountainous terrain at 1800 m. The type specimen was collected on Morro do Cuca in the Vale das Videiras near Petropolis.

A small epiphytic species from the highlands of Bolivia and Argentina. Forms compact rosettes with silvery-grey leaves covered in trichomes. Grows on perpendicular rocks and thorn shrub vegetation.

This species is widely distributed from the United States to Argentina, growing epiphytically and sometimes terrestrially in dry habitats at elevations from sea level to 3000 m. The type specimen was collected in Jamaica.

A compact bromeliad native to southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and northern Argentina. This species grows as an epiphyte or on rocks in subtropical regions. It forms neat rosettes about 30-38cm wide with stiff, recurved leaves in glossy yellow-green. The leaf margins have small spine-like teeth. When blooming, the center turns vivid red while outer leaves become rose-colored, creating distinctive bicolor effects. The flowers feature bright orange-red bracts.

Found in Minas Gerais, Brazil, where it grows as an epiphyte on large canopy trees of the Atlantic Forest at around 900 m elevation. The specific epithet refers to the distinctly recurved petals at anthesis.

This species occurs in the Cajamarca region of Peru, growing exclusively on rocky substrates in higher-elevation areas at 1,900-2,800 m.

A large terrestrial species with impressive heart-shaped leaves that can reach over 90 cm in length. Leaves have a velvety texture with prominent white to pale green venation against a dark green background. New leaves emerge with a coppery-red coloration. The petioles are thick and can reach 60 cm or more.

Strelitzia reginae is a tufted, evergreen, stemless perennial up to about 1.5 m tall and 2 m across, endemic to the eastern coast of South Africa. Its fleshy, finger-like roots support banana-like leaves arranged in a fan, with blades about 50 cm long and 10 cm wide that sometimes have red edges. A flowering stalk about 70 cm tall bears a boat-shaped spathe about 20 cm long, from which 4 to 6 flowers with orange sepals and blue to purple petals emerge in succession, resembling the head of a crane. The fruit is a woody capsule containing black seeds with a tuft of orange to yellow hairs. The epithet reginae means of the queen. Yellow-flowered selections such as 'Mandela's Gold' are also grown. The species is widely cultivated as a garden plant, pot plant and cut flower. The fruit and seeds can cause mild nausea, vomiting and drowsiness in dogs, cats and horses if eaten.

A saxicolous bromeliad endemic to the campos rupestres (rocky grasslands) of Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Originally described as Cryptanthus regius by Elton Leme in 2007. The specific epithet regius (Latin for "royal" or "regal") refers to its distinctive appearance. This species occurs on rocky outcrops in montane environments of the Espinhaço Range. Some taxonomic treatments place this species in the genus Hoplocryptanthus.

A species distributed in Bolivia and Argentina, growing as an epiphyte in woodland at elevations of 200 to 2,000 m.

This species is distributed across Mexico, Guatemala, and El Salvador, growing as an epiphyte in open areas at elevations of 186 to 1000 m.

Native to Azuay in Ecuador, where it grows solitarily as an epiphyte or terrestrially in bush vegetation at elevations of 2,000 to 3,010 m. The specific epithet honours Renate Gouda-Verwer.

A species distributed from northwestern to central Argentina.

Native to Oaxaca in Mexico, this species grows terrestrially at around 1,500 m elevation. The specific epithet is derived from the rose-colored, capitate inflorescence.

Platycerium ridleyi is a compact epiphytic staghorn fern in the family Polypodiaceae, native to the lowland forests of peninsular Thailand, the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo. Its corrugated nest fronds (sterile fronds that clasp the support) have entire margins and conspicuous veins, measure 20 to 50 cm long, and overlap to form a rounded, cabbage-like mass that can enclose a whole branch. Ants often nest in the chambers between these fronds, and the species is frequently found together with ant ferns (Lecanopteris). Unlike most species in the genus, the stiff, leathery fertile fronds grow upward rather than hanging down, reaching 25 to 50 cm or more and forking like antlers, with an oval spore patch 5 to 17 cm long. Plants usually reach about 0.5 to 0.6 m tall and wide and grow slowly. It is closely related to Platycerium coronarium, which has pendulous fertile fronds. It is considered extinct in Singapore.

A terrestrial bromeliad named in honor of Roberto Anselmo Kautsky (1924-2010), a Brazilian naturalist renowned for documenting bromeliads and orchids in eastern Brazil. Originally described as Cryptanthus roberto-kautskyi and transferred to Rokautskyia in 2017. Characterized by contrasting leaf surfaces: green adaxial (upper) side and densely white-scaled abaxial (lower) side with brown transverse bands creating a zebra-like pattern. Grows in leaf litter in densely shaded Ombrophilous Dense Forest. Endemic to Espírito Santo state and assessed as Critically Endangered.

Native to the state of Amazonas in Brazil, this species grows mainly epiphytically in submontane dense rainforest and Amazonian campina vegetation at elevations of 50 to 200 m. The type specimen was collected in the Ducke Forest Reserve near Manaus.

A species from Colima, Mexico, recorded at an elevation of around 400 m.

Known from Magdalena in Colombia at around 2800 m. The type specimen was collected on a tree at Sabana Rubia in the Serrania de Perija.

Known from the Santa Cruz region of Bolivia, growing at about 450 m on vertical rock walls. It was found in large groups on the southern side of a rock face in the Serrania de Santiago, an isolated range of Palaeozoic sedimentary rock rising above the surrounding lowland.

Tillandsia roseiflora is native to Brazil, growing as an epiphyte at around 1200 meters elevation.

This species is distributed in the Mexican states of Puebla and Oaxaca.

A large, impressive species forming rosettes of long, broad, attenuate leaves that are slightly recurving. The leaf surfaces are distinctive: the upper side is nerved and minutely appressed-lepidote, while the lower surface is nearly glabrous. Unlike the related T. xerographica, the leaves typically do not twist. The compound inflorescence features inflated spikes with brilliant coloration including cherry red, moss green, and buttercup yellow. The scape bracts, primary bracts, and some leaves develop a striking dark cherry color during flowering.

Ranges from Chiapas in Mexico through Guatemala to Honduras, at elevations of 1,400 to 2,500 m.

Known from Azuay in southern Ecuador, growing as an epiphyte at around 2,700 m elevation. The type material was collected about 20 km west of Cuenca.

A saxicolous or epiphytic species endemic to Peru. It forms a rosette of grayish-green leaves covered in trichomes. The inflorescence is typically simple or digitately compound with rose-colored floral bracts.

A large, impressive species native to Mexico. It features wide, green leaves and produces a tall, branched inflorescence with distinctive salmon-colored bracts.

A saxicolous species endemic to Bolivia, specifically around Samaipata. It has soft, gray-green leaves and produces a simple or few-branched inflorescence with white flowers.

A terrestrial bromeliad originally described as Cryptanthus sanctaluciae by Leme and Kollmann, named after the Santa Lucia Biological Reserve in Espírito Santo where it was discovered. Transferred to Rokautskyia in 2017. The species was found growing saxicolously in association with Selaginella and Anthurium on shaded, humid rocky walls within the Atlantic Forest. Distinguished from the closely related R. roberto-kautskyi by non-zonate leaf undersides, a distinct scape 11-15 cm long, and shorter sepals. Endemic to Espírito Santo state.

A large, tank-type species native to Colombia. It has dark, maroon-tinged leaves and a unique pendulous inflorescence. It is adapted to cool, humid cloud forest environments.

A saxicolous or epiphytic species from Mexico. It forms a rosette of stiff, channeled leaves. The inflorescence usually exceeds the leaves.

A high-elevation tank bromeliad found in the Andes. It has a robust rosette and a branched inflorescence. Adapted to cool, misty habitats.

A Mexican species featuring a somewhat bulbous base and soft, spreading leaves. It produces a distinctive inflorescence with broad floral bracts.

A xerophytic species from Peru, often growing on rocks or sand. It has stiff, gray leaves and can be caulescent. Similar in appearance to Tillandsia latifolia.

A saxicolous species endemic to Mexico. It features curved, gray-lepidote leaves forming a rosette. The inflorescence typically has pinkish bracts.

A compact epiphytic or lithophytic species distinguished by its curled or spiral spadix, which differentiates it from A. andraeanum. Leaves are lance-shaped to elliptical, dark green, and leathery. The spathe is typically red or orange, oval-shaped. Plant size is generally smaller than A. andraeanum, reaching 20-40 cm.

A widely distributed, hardy species. It usually forms clumps of stiff, thin, gray leaves. Distinguished by its yellow flower petals and red floral bracts.

Occurs in the province of Tucumán, Argentina.

Occurs in Colombia and Venezuela, growing as an epiphyte in forest between 1200 and 2805 m. The type specimen was collected in Magdalena, Colombia.

A saxicolous bromeliad originally described as Cryptanthus schwackeanus by Mez. Endemic to the campos rupestres (rocky grasslands) of the Espinhaço Range in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Occurs on rocky outcrops in montane environments subject to rigorous climatic and edaphic conditions. Some taxonomic treatments place this species in the genus Hoplocryptanthus. Part of a species complex that includes several related taxa adapted to iron-rich and quartzite substrates.

Tillandsia secunda is distributed in Ecuador, growing terrestrially and on rocks and cliffs at elevations of 2000 to 3500 m. A variety of the species is also known.

This species is native to Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras, growing as an epiphyte in Pinus and Quercus woodland at elevations of 270 to 2100 meters.

Widely distributed from Florida in the United States through the Greater Antilles, Mexico, northern South America and Brazil, growing as an epiphyte from sea level to 800 m. The type specimen came from Jamaica.

Ranges from Panama through Colombia, Suriname and French Guiana to Brazil, where it grows as an epiphyte in forest at 70 to 550 m.

Native to the state of Oaxaca in Mexico, where it grows in moist cloud forest at elevations of 2,000 to 2,300 m. The type collection was made on the summit of the Sierra de Juarez.

A climbing hemiepiphyte known for its lanceolate juvenile leaves with silvery markings. Mature leaves are larger, green, and develop fenestrations.

A species endemic to Ecuador, growing in forest at elevations of 2,900 to 3,500 m. The type material was collected in the valley of Nanegal in Pichincha.

This species is native to the Pichincha region of Ecuador, growing on steep brushy slopes at elevations of 2050-3000m.

A mesic, tank-forming species in subgenus Allardtia, described by L.B. Smith in 1961. The rosette produces soft, green leaves with a reddish flush, resembling a small Neoregelia in overall form. The inflorescence is notably elongated, reaching up to approximately 1.2 m in length, with red bracts and purple flowers. The fertile portion is reduced to approximately one-tenth of the total inflorescence length. Adventitious plantlets (offsets) develop at intervals along the inflorescence stalk, and the lower fertile branches curve backward to form hook-like structures. These hooks attach to branches in the host tree canopy, enabling the species to propagate vegetatively and spread through the crown — a strategy described as "climbing." This reproductive mechanism is distinctive within the genus Tillandsia.

Found in Colombia and Venezuela, growing as an epiphyte in forest at 500-1600 m elevation.

Native to Bolivia, where it grows both on rocks and as an epiphyte at elevations of 950 to 3550 m. The type specimen was collected at Sorata in La Paz.

Native to Peru, occurring near Leimebamba about 12 km above Balsas in the deep interandean valley of the Rio Maranon. It grows on sandstone rocks at an elevation of 1700 m.

This species is distributed in Rio de Janeiro and Espírito Santo, Brazil, growing as an epiphyte at elevations of 0 to 300 m.

Large climber with pinnately lobed leaves in maturity. Juvenile leaves are shingle-like (appressed to the host tree).

Commonly referred to as Philodendron Cobra, it features lanceolate leaves that do not develop fenestrations even in maturity.

A saxicolous or epiphytic species native to Honduras and Guatemala. It forms a rosette of gray-green leaves and produces a long, pendulous inflorescence with striking red or pink bracts.

An epiphytic species found in Mexico and Honduras. It features narrow, green to gray-green leaves and a flattened inflorescence. It usually grows in pine-oak forests.

A caulescent, saxicolous species endemic to the high Andes of Peru. Resembling T. tectorum, it has fuzzy, trichome-covered leaves that grow in a star-like formation along the stem.

A natural hybrid between T. complanata and T. stenoura, described in 2024. It is a large epiphyte found in the high Andes of Ecuador, combining features of both parents.

A large, robust species native to the Andes. It forms a large rosette and produces a tall inflorescence with lavender flowers. It is adapted to cool, wet tropical environments.

An epiphytic species found in the cloud forests of Colombia and Venezuela. It forms a rosette of flexible leaves and produces a compact, globose inflorescence with pink bracts.

A mesic species native to Guatemala and Mexico. It features a bulbous base and soft green leaves. The inflorescence has red bracts and violet petals.

A caulescent, xeric species from Peru and Ecuador. It has soft, silvery-gray leaves and produces fragrant white flowers with purple edges. Often grows in large clumps.

A widely distributed species in South America. The leaves are covered in trichomes and often recurve or curl. It produces fragrant blue or purple flowers.

Native to Mexico and Central America, this species features a prominent bulbous base and broad, trichome-covered leaves. The leaves curl tightly when dry, acting as a drought indicator. It is a robust grower that can reach over 30 cm in diameter.

A highly adaptable and popular air plant with narrow triangular leaves forming thick rosettes. Produces bright red or rose bloom spikes with blue-purple flowers. One of the most widely cultivated Tillandsia species.

Unique species with leaves that appear pinnately compound, resembling a palm frond rather than a typical heart-shaped Monstera.

Native to Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, growing on steep rock faces at elevations of 50 to 500 m. The specific epithet honors the Brazilian botanist D. Sucre.

Tillandsia suesilliae is found in San Luis Potosí and Hidalgo, Mexico, growing on rocks at around 2,000 m elevation.

Native to Pichincha in Ecuador, where it grows on cliffs and in forests at 2000 to 2900 m. The type specimen was collected on the western slopes of Mount Pichincha.

Platycerium superbum is a large epiphytic staghorn fern in the family Polypodiaceae, native to rainforests of eastern Australia. Its kidney-shaped sterile nest fronds can exceed 60 cm and reach about 1 m across, forming an upright basket that catches rain and falling leaf litter and channels water and nutrients to the roots. The fertile foliage fronds, usually produced in pairs, hang down and fork repeatedly, reaching up to about 2 m long; spores develop in a single patch near the first fork. The fertile fronds appear only after the nest fronds have matured. Unlike many species in the genus, it rarely produces offsets (pups), so it is propagated mainly from spores.

Native to the State of Mexico in central Mexico, occurring at around 1700 m.

Native to the state of Chiapas in Mexico.

Known from Morona Santiago in Ecuador, growing terrestrially in low mountain rainforest of Amazonia at around 700 m elevation. The specific epithet derives from Los Tayos, the area of the type collection.

Native to Cajamarca in Peru, where it grows on rocks at 750 to 800 m. The type specimen was collected at Cumbil-Lama in the Chota area.

A small, pendant species approximately 4 to 8 cm in diameter with subsucculent green leaves covered with coarse grey scales. Produces rose-colored floral bracts and pink flowers. Saxicolous, growing on steep rock walls. Known from a very restricted range in southeastern Brazil. Described by Ehlers in 1993 in the Journal of the Bromeliad Society.

A saxicolous bromeliad originally described as Cryptanthus tiradentesensis by Elton Leme. The specific epithet refers to the Tiradentes region in Minas Gerais state where the species occurs. Found in the Serra do Rola-Moça State Park area. Endemic to the campos rupestres of Minas Gerais in the Espinhaço Range. Grows on rocky outcrops in the montane grasslands. Some taxonomic treatments place this species in the genus Hoplocryptanthus.

A succulent shrub or small tree in the spurge family, reaching up to 7 m tall. It branches repeatedly into smooth, green, pencil-thick succulent stems, often in whorls, and its small leaves, 1 to 2.5 cm long, fall early so the plant appears leafless. Its native range is uncertain because of its long history of cultivation. POWO treats it as native to Madagascar, while other sources include dry regions of eastern and southern Africa. It is known as milk bush or pencil tree, and the white latex released from cut stems is toxic and can severely irritate the skin and eyes.

Agave titanota is a medium-sized agave described by Howard Scott Gentry in 1982, endemic to a small area on the border of Oaxaca and Puebla in Mexico. It usually forms a solitary, open rosette of rigid, lanceolate leaves 50 to 66 cm long that are glaucous, chalky white in color, with gray to chestnut-brown marginal teeth and a stout terminal spine 4 to 6 cm long. The species name comes from the Greek titanos, meaning chalk, in reference to the leaf color. Like most agaves it flowers once, producing a spike-like inflorescence about 3 m tall with pale green flowers, after which the rosette dies. Green, broader-leaved plants from the Sierra Mixteca (FO-076) once grown under this name were described as a separate species, Agave oteroi, in 2019. The species is listed as threatened under Mexico's NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010, with habitat loss and collection of seeds and plants for trade noted as threats.

This species is distributed across Venezuela, French Guiana, Bolivia and Brazil, growing epiphytically, and rarely terrestrially or on rocks, at elevations of 100 to 700 m.

Native to the Ancash region of Peru, this species grows on vertical rock walls at an elevation of around 2400 m. The specific epithet was named after Rudolf Tomek, who acted in favour of species conservation.

Occurs in the Mexican states of Aguascalientes, Durango, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi and Zacatecas, growing in the highlands at elevations of 1,850 to 2,250 m as an epiphyte or lithophyte, usually forming large clumps. The specific epithet means twisted in Latin and refers to the winding leaves.

Occurs in the Antofagasta region of Chile, growing on rocks between 350 and 450 m. The epithet means afraid of goats, referring to the very inaccessible places in which the species grows.

Occurs in the state of Guerrero, Mexico, growing on almost vertical rock faces at about 1100 m elevation.

Dracaena trifasciata is a stemless perennial that spreads by creeping rhizomes to form dense clumps, native to tropical West and Central Africa. It was long known as Sansevieria trifasciata Prain and was transferred to Dracaena by Mabberley in 2017. Stiff, upright, sword-shaped leaves rise from the rhizome and are usually 40 to 120 cm long and 2.5 to 7 cm wide, dark green with pale gray-green crossbands. Greenish white to cream flowers are borne on an erect raceme 40 to 75 cm tall, and some open fragrant at night. The plant uses CAM photosynthesis, opening its stomata at night to take in carbon dioxide, which reduces water loss and contributes to its drought tolerance. Many cultivars are grown, including 'Laurentii' with yellow leaf margins and the dwarf rosette-forming 'Hahnii'. The leaves contain saponins and are toxic to dogs and cats, causing nausea, vomiting and diarrhea if eaten.

A "shingle" species where the heart-shaped leaves lie completely flat against the support. Known for its warty (tuberculate) stems.

Ficus umbellata is an evergreen fig in the mulberry family (Moraceae), native to tropical Africa from Senegal east to southwestern Ethiopia and south to Angola. It grows either as a terrestrial tree or as an epiphyte that can strangle its host, and reaches about 10 to 12 m tall. The large, thin leaves are broadly ovate to nearly round, 10 to 26 cm long and 6.5 to 20 cm wide, with a heart-shaped to squared-off base, a short pointed tip and a slightly wavy margin; the lateral veins often fork before reaching the edge. The petiole is 3 to 12.5 cm long. Round figs about 3 cm across are borne in clusters on short spurs just below the leaves and on older, leafless branches, turning yellowish green with paler dots when ripe. It is widely grown as an indoor foliage plant. The white sap released when stems are cut can irritate the skin.

Known as Spanish moss, with the widest distribution of any bromeliad, ranging from the southeastern United States to Argentina. Forms long, hanging festoons of slender, grayish-green stems up to 6 meters or more, draping from tree branches. Despite its common name, it is neither Spanish nor a moss, but a true flowering bromeliad. An epiphyte that absorbs all moisture and nutrients through its silvery trichome-covered leaves. Provides habitat for wildlife including birds, bats, and specialized spiders. Historically used for mattress stuffing, insulation, and crafts.

Widely distributed from Georgia and Florida (USA) through the West Indies, Mexico, and northern Central America to Venezuela, this species grows as an epiphyte across a broad range of environments, from temperate humid to warm humid, subhumid, and even arid areas, at elevations of 0-1350 m. It occurs in coastal scrub, dry and wet rainforest, montane cloud forest, holm-oak woodland, and wetlands.

Found in south-eastern Brazil, in the states of Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo.

Recorded from the Amazonas region of Peru, along the Río Cenepa at about 289 m elevation. The specific epithet honours Rodolfo Vasquez, a field collector and botanical artist.

An epiphytic species known for its exceptionally long, pendant, corrugated leaves that can exceed 90 cm in length under optimal conditions, with some specimens reaching over 2 meters. Leaves are lance-shaped with deep horizontal ridges giving a quilted appearance. New leaves emerge bronze-colored before maturing to dark green.

Distributed in Guatemala and Mexico, this species grows on pine trees in humid forest areas at elevations of 1200-2000 m. The specific epithet derives from the Latin adjective velutina, meaning velvety.

Known from the states of Portuguesa and Lara in Venezuela, growing on bluffs and semiarid slopes at around 190 m elevation. The specific epithet derives from Venezuela, the country where it occurs.

An epiphytic species endemic to the Central Mexican Plateau. Forms rosettes of leaves and grows primarily on large trees in humid temperate forests, particularly on Abies religiosa, Quercus rugosa, and Quercus laurina. The species name "violacea" refers to the violet coloration of the flowers. Due to its high-elevation habitat, this species exhibits tolerance to sub-freezing conditions, distinguishing it from most other Tillandsia species.

An epiphytic species characterized by its long, narrow, strap-like pendant leaves that can reach 1-2 meters in length but only 3-6 cm in width. Leaves are dark green, somewhat leathery, and hang vertically. Produces clusters of red to purple berries that contrast with the green foliage.

A large epiphytic species known as the "Queen Anthurium" due to its exceptionally long, narrow, pendant leaves that can reach 60-120 cm or more in length but only 10-20 cm in width. Leaves are dark green with prominent silvery-white venation and a velvety texture. The leaf surface has a quilted appearance with slightly raised veins. New leaves emerge with a bronze to copper coloration.

A terrestrial bromeliad originally described as Cryptanthus whitmanii by Elton Leme in 1994. The specific epithet honors a person named Whitman. Transferred to Rokautskyia in 2017 based on molecular phylogenetic analyses of the Cryptanthoid complex. Forms rosettes in the understory of the Atlantic Forest. Endemic to Espírito Santo state in southeastern Brazil.

Ranges from Amazonas in Colombia into Peru and Brazil, growing as an epiphyte in forest at elevations of 100 to 120 m.

Occurs in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, growing on sandstone rock walls. The specific epithet honours Prof. Dr. Sieghart Winkler, who first collected the plant in Rio Grande do Sul.

Native to the state of Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil, where it grows on a rocky escarpment along the Camaqua river. The specific epithet honours Leopoldo Witeck Neto, a forest engineer and professor at the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria.

Native to the state of São Paulo in Brazil.

A species distributed in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, growing as an epiphyte in forest at elevations of 100 to 450 m.

Known from the Amazonas region of northern Peru, growing as an epiphyte in wet scrub forest at 2900 to 3150 m. The type specimen was collected on the upper slopes and summit of Puma-urcu, southeast of Chachapoyas.

One of the largest Tillandsia species. Forms a sculptural rosette up to 90 cm in diameter with wide, silvery-green leaves that curl around themselves. Native to semi-arid regions of Central America, growing high in tree canopies. A slow-growing xerophyte adapted to drought, with thick leaves that store water. Wild populations were severely reduced due to over-collection in the 1980s-90s until CITES Appendix II protection in 1992. Produces branched inflorescences with red bracts and purple flowers lasting months.

Found in Pará, Brazil, where it grows as an epiphyte on canopy trees in alluvial tropical forest along riverbanks. The specific epithet refers to the Xingu River, where the species was originally discovered.

Native to Tarija in Bolivia, where it grows saxicolously in dense clumps at an elevation of about 3,000 m. The type collection was made 12 km west of the village of Yunchara.

Extremely hardy tropical plant with glossy, pinnate leaves resembling a cycad. Stores water in its potato-like rhizomes, making it highly drought tolerant. One of the most low-maintenance houseplants available, tolerating low light and infrequent watering.

An epiphytic species in subgenus Allardtia, described by Gilmartin. The species name "zarumensis" indicates its type locality is likely near Zaruma, a city in El Oro Province, southwestern Ecuador. Detailed morphological and ecological information for this species remains limited in accessible horticultural literature.

Native to Chiapas in Mexico, growing on trees at about 1,000 m. The epithet refers to the Zoque, an indigenous people who have lived in the western part of Chiapas since the time of the conquest of Mexico.